Women in government
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Women_in_government an entity of type: Thing
المرأة في الحكومة، على النقيض من الرجال، فأن تمثيل المرأة في حكومات العصر الحديث، يُعد تمثيلا منخفضا وبسيطا، وذلك في معظم بلدان العالم. ومع ذلك، فأن هناك تزايدا ملحوظا في انتخاب المرأة سياسيا لتتولى مناصب رؤساء الدول وحكومات. وحاليا، فأن أكثر من 20 دولة في العالم لديها امرأة تحمل منصب رئيس حكومة وطنية، وتبلغ نسبة مشاركة المرأة عالميا في البرلمانات الوطنية ما يقرب من 20٪. وهناك عدد من البلدان تسعى لاستكشاف التدابير التي قد تزيد من مشاركة المرأة في الحكومة وذلك على جميع المستويات، من المستوى المحلي إلى المستوى الوطني. وكثير من النساء ليس لديهن حقوق سياسة.
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L’exercice du pouvoir politique par les femmes est un sujet de controverse depuis le début des temps historiques, lié à l'inégalités hommes-femmes : celles-ci ne se voient que rarement reconnaître la capacité à diriger une société. On connaît un certain nombre de femmes monarques ou régentes bien qu'elles restent très minoritaires. Depuis le XXe siècle, le droit de vote des femmes s'est généralisé dans la plupart des sociétés et elles peuvent accéder aux fonctions d'autorité politique ou administrative mais peu de chefs d'État ou de gouvernement sont des femmes. On discute si la domination masculine, trait commun à la plupart des sociétés, contribue à entretenir une culture de l'autorité et de la violence et s'il existe une façon spécifiquement féminine d'exercer le pouvoir.
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女性政治家（じょせいせいじか）とは、女性の政治家。
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공직에 복무하는 여성은 대부분의 국가에서 과소대표되어 있다. 2018년 12월 기준, 전세계 국회 여성의원 비율은 24.1%이다. 또한 2013년 기준, 여성은 전세계 국가 지도자 (대통령 및 총리) 및 국회 의장 중 8%를 차지하며, 국가원수 (대통령 및 내각제 총리) 직의 2%를 차지한다.
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Kvinnlig politisk representation syftar på kvinnors representation på formella politiska poster inom ett modernt parlamentariskt politiskt system, så som inom politiska partier, parlament och regeringar. Av historiska skäl har kvinnors politiska representation skilt sig från mäns, och blivit föremål för forskning i olika sammanhang.
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Diese Übersicht zu Frauen in der Politik sammelt bekannte Politikerinnen, die ein politisches Amt innehaben oder innehatten. In demokratisch organisierten Gesellschaften setzt dies das passive Wahlrecht voraus (vergleiche Frauenwahlrecht). Zur politischen Beteiligung und Teilhabe von Frauen (empowerment) gibt es zwei weltweite Indizes (Kennzahlen): Die folgende Kurzliste vergleicht die drei D-A-CH-Länder mit dem 2018 führenden Land Ruanda und dem Weltdurchschnitt (ø) sowie den Einzelergebnissen des GGGI 2020:
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In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. This historical tendency still persists, although women are increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government. As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments is 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents have taken office in the past two decades.
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Mulheres na política têm sido historicamente sub-representadas nas sociedades ocidentais em comparação com os homens. Muitas mulheres, no entanto, teem sido eleitas politicamente para ser chefes de Estado e de governo. Exemplos de proeminentes líderes de potências mundiais do sexo feminino podem ser Margaret Thatcher, ex-primeira-ministra do Reino Unido, Dilma Rousseff, ex-presidente do Brasil, Indira Gandhi, ex-primeira-ministra da Índia, Golda Meir, ex-primeira-ministra de Israel, Angela Merkel, ex-chanceler da Alemanha, Jiang Qing, ex-primeira-dama da China, Jacinda Ardern, primeira- ministra da Nova Zelândia, Eva Perón, ex-primeira-dama da Argentina, Cristina Kirchner, vice-presidente da Argentina, Eleanor Roosevelt, ex-primeira-dama dos Estados Unidos, Hillary Clinton, ex-secretária d
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المرأة في الحكومة
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Frauen in der Politik
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Exercice du pouvoir politique par les femmes
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女性政治家
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여성 공직자
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Mulheres na política
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Women in government
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Kvinnlig politisk representation
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Жінки в уряді
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Current heads of government:
* Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh
* Mette Frederiksen, Prime Minister of Denmark
* Sanna Marin, Prime Minister of Finland
* Najla Bouden, Prime Minister of Tunisia
* Giorgia Meloni, Prime Minister of Italy
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* Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand
* Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France
* Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime Minister of Lithuania
* Ana Brnabic, Prime Minister of Serbia
* Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland
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* Kaja Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia
* Mia Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados
* Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Prime Minister of Samoa
* Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova
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Female leaders in India:
* Indira Gandhi, first female Prime Minister of India
* Pratibha Patil, first female President of India
* Mamata Banerjee, current chief minister of West Bengal
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Female governors in the United States:
* Kate Brown, Governor of Oregon
* Kay Ivey, Governor of Alabama
* Kim Reynolds, Governor of Iowa
* Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of Michigan
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* Michelle Lujan Grisham, Governor of New Mexico
* Janet Mills, Governor of Maine
* Kristi Noem, Governor of South Dakota
* Laura Kelly, Governor of Kansas
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Current heads of state:
* Halimah Yacob, President of Singapore
* Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President of Greece
* Zuzana Čaputová, President of Slovakia
* Sahle-Work Zewde, President of Ethiopia
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* Bidhya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal
* Paula-Mae Weekes, President of Trinidad and Tobago
* Salomé Zourabichvili, President of Georgia
* Maia Sandu, President of Moldova
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* Vjosa Osmani, President of Kosovo
* Sandra Mason, President of Barbados
* Katalin Novák, President of Hungary
* Droupadi Murmu, President of India
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Current heads of state and government:
* Tsai Ing-wen, President of the Republic of China
* Samia Suluhu Hassan, President of Tanzania
* Xiomara Castro, President of Honduras
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--07-03
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Giorgia Meloni
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Gretchen Whitmer
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Indira Gandhi
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Ingrida Šimonytė
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Jacinda Ardern
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Pratibha Patil
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Sheikh Hasina
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Sandra Mason
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Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
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Kim Reynolds
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Tsai Ing-wen
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Kay Ivey
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Kristi Noem
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Kate Brown
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Michelle Lujan Grisham
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Halimah Yacob
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Mia Mottley
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Sahle-Work Zewde
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Bidhya Devi Bhandari
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Janet Mills
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Laura Kelly
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Paula-Mae Weekes
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Zuzana Čaputová
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Katerina Sakellaropoulou
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Maia Sandu
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Vjosa Osmani
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Kaja Kallas
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Najla Bouden
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Droupadi Murmu
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Élisabeth Borne
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Sanna Marin
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Mette Frederiksen
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Natalia Gavrilița
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Samia Suluhu Hassan
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Ana Brnabic
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Katalin Novák
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Katrín Jakobsdóttir
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Salome Zurabishvili
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Xiomara Castro
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المرأة في الحكومة، على النقيض من الرجال، فأن تمثيل المرأة في حكومات العصر الحديث، يُعد تمثيلا منخفضا وبسيطا، وذلك في معظم بلدان العالم. ومع ذلك، فأن هناك تزايدا ملحوظا في انتخاب المرأة سياسيا لتتولى مناصب رؤساء الدول وحكومات. وحاليا، فأن أكثر من 20 دولة في العالم لديها امرأة تحمل منصب رئيس حكومة وطنية، وتبلغ نسبة مشاركة المرأة عالميا في البرلمانات الوطنية ما يقرب من 20٪. وهناك عدد من البلدان تسعى لاستكشاف التدابير التي قد تزيد من مشاركة المرأة في الحكومة وذلك على جميع المستويات، من المستوى المحلي إلى المستوى الوطني. وكثير من النساء ليس لديهن حقوق سياسة.
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Diese Übersicht zu Frauen in der Politik sammelt bekannte Politikerinnen, die ein politisches Amt innehaben oder innehatten. In demokratisch organisierten Gesellschaften setzt dies das passive Wahlrecht voraus (vergleiche Frauenwahlrecht). Zur politischen Beteiligung und Teilhabe von Frauen (empowerment) gibt es zwei weltweite Indizes (Kennzahlen): 1.
* Das Entwicklungsprogramm der Vereinten Nationen (UNDP) berechnet den Gender Inequality Index (GII) zur „geschlechtsspezifischen Ungleichheit“, bei dem einer der fünf Indikatoren den Anteil an weiblichen Parlamentssitzen betrifft (siehe Liste mit 193 Ländern). 2.
* Das Weltwirtschaftsforum berechnet jährlich den Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) zum Gender-Gap bei der Gleichstellung der Geschlechter, bei dem drei Indikatoren political empowerment bemessen: die Anteile der Parlamentarierinnen und der Ministerinnen und die Amtsjahre von Staatschefinnen in den letzten 50 Jahren. Die folgende Kurzliste vergleicht die drei D-A-CH-Länder mit dem 2018 führenden Land Ruanda und dem Weltdurchschnitt (ø) sowie den Einzelergebnissen des GGGI 2020:
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L’exercice du pouvoir politique par les femmes est un sujet de controverse depuis le début des temps historiques, lié à l'inégalités hommes-femmes : celles-ci ne se voient que rarement reconnaître la capacité à diriger une société. On connaît un certain nombre de femmes monarques ou régentes bien qu'elles restent très minoritaires. Depuis le XXe siècle, le droit de vote des femmes s'est généralisé dans la plupart des sociétés et elles peuvent accéder aux fonctions d'autorité politique ou administrative mais peu de chefs d'État ou de gouvernement sont des femmes. On discute si la domination masculine, trait commun à la plupart des sociétés, contribue à entretenir une culture de l'autorité et de la violence et s'il existe une façon spécifiquement féminine d'exercer le pouvoir.
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女性政治家（じょせいせいじか）とは、女性の政治家。
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In many countries, women have been underrepresented in the government and different institutions. This historical tendency still persists, although women are increasingly being elected to be heads of state and government. As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments is 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents have taken office in the past two decades. Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries are exploring measures that may increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. However, more women are pursuing leadership positions in the present day.
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공직에 복무하는 여성은 대부분의 국가에서 과소대표되어 있다. 2018년 12월 기준, 전세계 국회 여성의원 비율은 24.1%이다. 또한 2013년 기준, 여성은 전세계 국가 지도자 (대통령 및 총리) 및 국회 의장 중 8%를 차지하며, 국가원수 (대통령 및 내각제 총리) 직의 2%를 차지한다.
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Mulheres na política têm sido historicamente sub-representadas nas sociedades ocidentais em comparação com os homens. Muitas mulheres, no entanto, teem sido eleitas politicamente para ser chefes de Estado e de governo. Exemplos de proeminentes líderes de potências mundiais do sexo feminino podem ser Margaret Thatcher, ex-primeira-ministra do Reino Unido, Dilma Rousseff, ex-presidente do Brasil, Indira Gandhi, ex-primeira-ministra da Índia, Golda Meir, ex-primeira-ministra de Israel, Angela Merkel, ex-chanceler da Alemanha, Jiang Qing, ex-primeira-dama da China, Jacinda Ardern, primeira- ministra da Nova Zelândia, Eva Perón, ex-primeira-dama da Argentina, Cristina Kirchner, vice-presidente da Argentina, Eleanor Roosevelt, ex-primeira-dama dos Estados Unidos, Hillary Clinton, ex-secretária de Estado dos Estados Unidos, Michelle Bachelet, ex-presidente do Chile, entre outras.
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Kvinnlig politisk representation syftar på kvinnors representation på formella politiska poster inom ett modernt parlamentariskt politiskt system, så som inom politiska partier, parlament och regeringar. Av historiska skäl har kvinnors politiska representation skilt sig från mäns, och blivit föremål för forskning i olika sammanhang.
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