Ganden Phodrang

rdf:langString Ganden Phodrang

rdf:langString Ganden Phodrang

rdf:langString Ganden Phodrang

rdf:langString 甘丹頗章

rdf:langString August 2020

rdf:langString Spiritual and Secular

rdf:langString lugs gnyis

rdf:langString ˈkɑ̃̀tɛ̃̀ ˈpʰóʈɑ̀ŋ

rdf:langString 甘丹頗章

rdf:langString Gāndān Pōzhāng

rdf:langString The previous two sentences are mixed up.

rdf:langString དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང

rdf:langString dGa' ldan pho brang

rdf:langString Tibetan currency

rdf:langString The Ganden Phodrang or Ganden Podrang (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང, Wylie: dGa' ldan pho brang, Lhasa dialect: [ˈkɑ̃̀tɛ̃̀ ˈpʰóʈɑ̀ŋ]; Chinese: 甘丹頗章; pinyin: Gāndān Pōzhāng) was the Tibetan system of government established by the 5th Dalai Lama in 1642; it operated in Tibet until the 1950s. Lhasa became the capital of Tibet again early in this period, after the Oirat lord Güshi Khan conferred all temporal power on the 5th Dalai Lama in a ceremony in Shigatse in 1642. The Ganden Phodrang accepted China's Qing emperors as overlords after 1720,and the Qing became increasingly active in governing Tibet starting in the early 18th century. After the fall of the Qing empire in 1912, the Ganden Phodrang government lasted until the 1950s, when the People's Republic of China (PRC) incorporated Tibet. During most of the time from the early Qing period until the end of Ganden Phodrang rule, a governing council known as the Kashag operated as the highest authority in the Ganden Phodrang administration. The Ganden Phodrang was established by the 5th Dalai Lama and Tibet's patron Güshi Khan of the Khoshut, in 1642. At that time, the Potala Palace was built (1645- ) in Lhasa on the site of the Red Fort, to where the capital of Tibet had been moved from Yarlung Valley by the 7th-century King Songsten Gampo. Güshi Khan offered all political power to the 5th Dalai Lama in Shigatse, within a priest-and-patron relationship context between the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school, and Güshi Khan. A drawn-out war (1687-1757) between the Dzungar Khans and Qing China led to turmoil for Lhasa, since the Ganden Phodrang was the diplomatic center for the Mongols and the Qing. In 1705, the Qing conspired with a Dzungar faction to kidnap the 6th Dalai Lama, after the murder of his regent and government official. Due to these actions, Tibet's relationship with the Mongols declined in popularity. The Dzungars then invaded Central Tibet in 1717, after which the Ganden Phodrang's army and the Qing army joined forces and expelled the Dzungars in 1720. While these Qing forces departed in 1723, the earlier 1653 priest-and-patron relationship established between Tibet and China then added military protection to the patron's role. Soon after 1727 the skilful and politically astute Tibetan leader Pholhane reorganized the Ganden Phodrang's army, which lasted until the army was disbanded in 1950. Pholhane's son Gyurme Namgyal moved to end the army's joint missions with Qing China by expelling the last of their troops, whose numbers varied over the decades. He was murdered by two Qing China ambassadors (ambans) in 1750, both of whom were killed by Pholhane's army during the subsequent revolt in Lhasa. The Ganden Phodrang's joint military operations with the Qing dynasty lasted from 1720 until 1846, and included working together in the second of three wars between Nepal and Tibet (1788-1792). Just before and after their separation, the Ganden Phodrang's army defeated the Sikh Dogra forces, leading to an 1842 treaty establishing the Tibet-Dogra borders; defeated the chieftain Gonpo Namgyal of Kham in 1865, which led to the reclaiming of eastern Kham under the authority of the . The third Nepalese war (1855-1856) was also victorious for both sides, since the treaty included provisions for mutual aid against aggressors.This provision was invoked in 1950, after the People's Republic of China invaded Tibet.

rdf:langString Ganden Phodrang

rdf:langString 甘丹頗章