Brexit negotiations

rdf:langString Brexit negotiations

rdf:langString Brexit negotiations

rdf:langString Ratification by the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, and the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

rdf:langString * Boris Johnson

rdf:langString * David Frost

rdf:langString * Donald Tusk

rdf:langString * Jean-Claude Juncker

rdf:langString * Michel Barnier

rdf:langString * Steve Barclay

rdf:langString * Theresa May

rdf:langString * *

rdf:langString left

rdf:langString right

rdf:langString Map of the United Kingdom and the European Union

rdf:langString December 2020

rdf:langString "We recognise how important it is to provide business, the public sector and the public with as much certainty as possible. So ahead of, and throughout the negotiations, we will provide certainty wherever we can. We will provide as much information as we can without undermining the national interest."

rdf:langString "27. It may seem intuitive that when the UK leaves the EU, it leaves behind both the responsibilities and benefits of membership. However, this does not take account of the complexity of the UK's participation in the EU, nor of the procedures for agreeing on current and future budgets, which involve mutual commitments projected many years into the future. ... 33. The range of values in circulation for the UK's potential 'exit bill' indicates that the absolute sum of any posited settlement is hugely speculative. Almost every element is subject to interpretation."

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rdf:langString Trade agreement

rdf:langString Transitional agreement

rdf:langString Withdrawal agreement

rdf:langString Draft Agreement on the Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union

rdf:langString Between 2017 and 2019, representatives of the United Kingdom and the European Union negotiated the terms for Brexit, the planned withdrawal of the UK from the EU. These negotiations arose following the decision of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, following the UK's EU membership referendum on 23 June 2016. The negotiating period began on 29 March 2017, when the United Kingdom served the withdrawal notice under Article 50. The withdrawal was then planned to occur on 29 March 2019, two years after the date of notification, as specified by Article 50. Negotiations formally opened on 19 June 2017, when David Davis, the UK's Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, arrived in Brussels to meet with Michel Barnier, the Chief Negotiator appointed by the European Commission. They began to discuss a withdrawal agreement, including terms of a transitional period and an outline of the objectives for a future UK-EU relationship. In November 2018, European Union officials announced that they would accept no further negotiations or changes before the UK legally leaves. A Brexit withdrawal agreement was finally ratified by the UK and the EU, and came into force from 1 February 2020. With the Brexit negotiations to establish a trade agreement treaty between the EU and the UK has started. In addition, the EU's existing Free Trade and WTO tariff-rate quotas with third countries (agreed while the UK was still a member) may need be split or renegotiated. In March and April 2019, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May and European Union leaders agreed to move the date of the UK's departure to 31 October 2019. May resigned as leader of the ruling Conservative Party on 7 June 2019, and on 23 July, Boris Johnson was elected as her successor. The Johnson ministry and EU agreed to resume regular meetings to discuss the withdrawal agreement on 28 August 2019, but the UK declared a pre-condition that the Irish backstop must be scrapped, which the EU said it wouldn't accept. In October 2019, following bilateral talks between Johnson and Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, the UK and EU agreed to a revised deal, which replaced the backstop. In the new Northern Ireland/Republic of Ireland protocol, the whole of the UK comes out of the EU Customs Union as a single customs territory. Northern Ireland will be included in any future UK trade deals, but it remains an entry point into the EU Customs Union, creating a de facto customs border down the Irish Sea. The Northern Ireland Assembly can unilaterally choose to leave the protocol via a simple majority vote. Following the 2019 UK general election, which returned a Conservative majority, the Withdrawal Agreement Bill and its programme motion passed first reading in the House of Commons. The agreement was ratified by the UK, on 23 January 2020, and by the EU on 29 January 2020, confirming that a withdrawal agreement was in place when, as planned, the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020. The withdrawal was followed by negotiations on the future partnership, which resulted in the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA).