Aniconism in Christianity

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Most denominations of Christianity have not generally practiced aniconism, or the avoidance or prohibition of types of images, even dating back to early Christian art and architecture. Those in the faith have generally had an active tradition of making artwork and Christian media depicting God, religious figures, and other aspects of theology. There have however been periods of aniconism in Christian history, notably during the controversy of the Byzantine iconoclasm of the eighth century, and following the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when Calvinism in particular rejected all images in churches, and this practice continues today in some Reformed (Calvinist) churches, as well as some forms of fundamentalist Christianity. The Catholic Church has always defended the use of sac rdf:langString

Agama Kristen pada umumnya tidak mengamalkan anikonisme, yakni tindakan menampik atau mengharamkan pembuatan dan pemanfaatan citra-citra dalam berbagai macam bentuknya. Agama Kristen justru memiliki tradisi pembuatan dan penghormatan citra-citra Allah dan tokoh-tokoh Kristen. Meskipun demikian, anikonisme pernah mewarnai perjalanan sejarah agama Kristen, terutama ketika Ikonoklasme Romawi Timur merebak pada abad ke-8, dan gerakan Reformasi Protestan berkobar pada abad ke-16, manakala umat Protestan, khususnya golongan Kalvinis, mengharamkan pemanfaatan segala macam citra di dalam gereja-gereja. Pengharaman citra ini sampai sekarang masih dipegang teguh gereja-gereja Kalvinis dan sejumlah gereja Fundamentalis. Gereja Katolik senantiasa mempertahankan pemanfaatan citra-citra suci di dalam ge rdf:langString

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rdf:langString Aniconism in Christianity

rdf:langString Anikonisme dalam Kekristenan

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rdf:langString Most denominations of Christianity have not generally practiced aniconism, or the avoidance or prohibition of types of images, even dating back to early Christian art and architecture. Those in the faith have generally had an active tradition of making artwork and Christian media depicting God, religious figures, and other aspects of theology. There have however been periods of aniconism in Christian history, notably during the controversy of the Byzantine iconoclasm of the eighth century, and following the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when Calvinism in particular rejected all images in churches, and this practice continues today in some Reformed (Calvinist) churches, as well as some forms of fundamentalist Christianity. The Catholic Church has always defended the use of sacred images in churches, shrines, and homes, encouraging their veneration but condemning anyone who would worship them as if they were gods themselves. The use of religious icons and images continues to be advocated at the highest level by religious leaders of major Christian denominations such as some Lutherans, Anglo-Catholics and Roman Catholics. The veneration of icons is also a key element of the doxology of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church accept the church council which condemned iconoclasm and mandated the use of sacred images, the icons of saints, and the crucifix in churches, public shrines, and in homes. The explanation of the consistency of sacred images with the Christian religion was largely based on the arguments of St. John Damascene. Modern Anglicanism contains both schools of thought - aniconism and iconodulism. While some Anglicans (typically of the Low-Church variety) maintain the aniconism of the English Reformation, articulated in the religious injunctions of Edward VI and Elizabeth I, as well as the Homily against the Peril of Idolatry and the Superfluous Decking of Churches, other Anglicans, influenced by the Oxford Movement and later Anglo-Catholicism, have introduced the devotional use of images back into their churches. Christian aniconism has only very rarely covered general secular images, unlike aniconism in Islam; Anabaptist groups such as the Amish are rare exceptions.

rdf:langString Agama Kristen pada umumnya tidak mengamalkan anikonisme, yakni tindakan menampik atau mengharamkan pembuatan dan pemanfaatan citra-citra dalam berbagai macam bentuknya. Agama Kristen justru memiliki tradisi pembuatan dan penghormatan citra-citra Allah dan tokoh-tokoh Kristen. Meskipun demikian, anikonisme pernah mewarnai perjalanan sejarah agama Kristen, terutama ketika Ikonoklasme Romawi Timur merebak pada abad ke-8, dan gerakan Reformasi Protestan berkobar pada abad ke-16, manakala umat Protestan, khususnya golongan Kalvinis, mengharamkan pemanfaatan segala macam citra di dalam gereja-gereja. Pengharaman citra ini sampai sekarang masih dipegang teguh gereja-gereja Kalvinis dan sejumlah gereja Fundamentalis. Gereja Katolik senantiasa mempertahankan pemanfaatan citra-citra suci di dalam gereja-gereja, tempat-tempat suci, maupun rumah-rumah tinggal, bahkan menganjurkan penghormatan terhadap citra-citra tersebut, tetapi juga melaknat penyembahan terhadap citra-citra suci sebagai penyembahan berhala. Pemanfaatan ikon-ikon dan citra-citra keagamaan masih diperbolehkan para pucuk pimpinan denominasi-denominasi Kristen arus utama, misalnya denominasi Lutheran, Metodis, , dan Gereja Katolik Roma. Penghormatan ikon juga merupakan salah satu unsur penting dari doksologi Gereja Ortodoks Timur. Gereja Katolik dan Gereja Ortodoks Timur menjunjung tinggi keputusan konsili ekumene yang melaknat ikonoklasme dan mengamanatkan pemanfaatan citra-citra suci, ikon-ikon orang kudus, dan krusifiks di gereja-gereja, tempat-tempat suci umum, dan rumah-rumah tinggal. Penjelasan tentang kesesuaian citra-citra suci dengan ajaran Kristen lebih banyak dilandaskan pada dalil-dalil yang dikemukakan Santo Yohanes dari Damsyik. Sikap gereja Anglikan modern cukup unik, karena merangkul anikonisme maupun ikonodulisme. Sebagian jemaat Anglikan (lazimnya jemaat-jemaat gereja rendah) masih mengekalkan paham anikonisme warisan Reformasi Inggris yang terumuskan di dalam titah-titah Raja Edward VI dan Ratu Elizabeth I tentang tatanan hidup beragama, maupun yang tersurat di dalam . Jemaat-jemaat Anglikan yang dipengaruhi Gerakan Oxford dan jemaat-jemaat Katolik Angli yang terbentuk pascagerakan Oxford justru berusaha memulihkan pemanfaatan citra-citra keagamaan untuk keperluan devosi di dalam gereja Anglikan. Berbeda dari , anikonisme Kristen jarang sekali melebar ke ranah citra-citra sekuler. Jemaat-jemaat Anabaptis semisal kaum Amisch merupakan kekecualian yang langka.

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