Vrij Nederland

rdf:langString Vrij Nederland

rdf:langString Vrij Nederland (Free Netherlands) is a Dutch magazine, established during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II as an underground newspaper. It has since grown into a magazine. The originally weekly and now monthly magazine is traditionally intellectually left-wing, but in recent years it has become more centrist. It is one of the four most influential written media in its sector, along with Elsevier, De Groene Amsterdammer and HP/De Tijd, now all with a stagnating or dwindling readership of their printed media. Publisher of Vrij Nederland is in Amsterdam.The offices are in the headquarters of WPG Media on the Wibautstraat 133. The first issue was published on 31 August 1940. The chief editors have included: * 1940–1942: Frans Hofker * 1941–1950: Henk van Randwijk * 1950–1955: Johan Winkler * 1955–1969: * 1969–1991: Rinus Ferdinandusse * 1991–1997: Joop van Tijn * 1998–2000: Oscar Garschagen * 2001–2004: Xandra Schutte * 2004–2005: Gerard van Westerloo (interim) * 2005–2008: Emile Fallaux * 2008–2015: Frits van Exter * 2017–present: Ward Wijndelts The circulation has decreased from 1945 on, except for an increase in the 1970s: * 1945: 109,000 * 1947: 32,000 * 1951: 35,000 * 1955: 19,000 * 1960: 23,000 * 1965: 36,950 * 1970: 81,378 * 1975: 109,381 * 1978: 117,165 * 1980: 111,857 * 1985: 97,132 * 1990: 76,947 * 2000: 55,947 * 2001: 53,669 (−4.1%) * 2002: 53,413 (−0.5%) * 2003: 52,868 (−1.0%) * 2004: 50,124 (−5.2%) * 2005: 49,244 (−1.8%) * 2006: 47,082 (−4.4%) * 2007: 46,671 (−0.9%) * 2008: 44,115 (−5.5%) * 2009: 44,860 (+1.7%) * 2010: 48,353 (+7.8%) * 2011: 45,534 (−5.8%) * 2012: 40,872 (−10.2%) * 2013: 35,649 (−12.8%) * 2014: 31.623 (−11.3%) * 2015: 22.937 (−27.5%) * 2016: 19.875 (−13.3%)