Tifayifu

rdf:langString Tifayifu

rdf:langString Macabe Keliher

rdf:langString Su Wenhao

rdf:langString p. 157

rdf:langString Previously, the wise men . . . would often advise me [Hong Taiji] to abandon our Manchu clothing and hats for Chinese clothing and hats, and to adopt the Chinese way. I refused. They would not accept my reasons. Now, here, I want to give myself as an example. If those of us gathered here wore wide-sleeved clothing, how would we be able to stand with a quiver of arrows on the right side and a bow on the left? How could we take in hand the advance of a brave peregrine falcon [i.e., practice falconry]? If we give up archery and horsemanship, then we can certainly wear wide-sleeved clothing. But then how are we any different from those depraved people who eat meat cut by others

rdf:langString The Board of Rites and the Making of Qing China

rdf:langString Study on the Inheritance and Cultural Creation of Manchu Qipao Culture

rdf:langString Tifayifu (simplified Chinese: 剃发易服; traditional Chinese: 剃髮易服; lit. 'shaving hair and changing costume') is an edict policy which took place in the Qing dynasty in 1645 when Han Chinese people (more specifically adult living men, who did not fall in the stipulated exceptions) were forced to follow Manchu hairstyle and Manchu clothing. In 1644, on the first day when the Manchu penetrated the Great Wall of China through the Shanhai pass, the Manchu rulers ordered the surrendering Han Chinese population to shave their heads; however, this policy came to a halt just a month later due to the intense resistance from the Han Chinese near Beijing. It is only after the Manchu recaptured Nanjing, the southern capital, in 1645 that the policy resumed and was enforced severely. Within one year after entering China proper, the Qing rulers demanded that men among their defeated subjects had to adopt Manchu hairstyle or face execution. Qing Manchu prince Dorgon initially canceled the order for all men in Ming territories south of the Great wall (post 1644 additions to the Qing) to shave. It was a Han official from Shandong, Sun Zhixie and Li Ruolin who voluntarily shaved their foreheads and demanded Qing Prince Dorgon impose the queue hairstyle on the entire population which led to the queue order. The law was strongly opposed by the Han Chinese, especially those who were part of the late Ming scholars and literati class. Even 10 years after the tifayifu edict implementation, resistance to the hair cutting and changing clothing to Manchu style still occurred. In the Kangxi period, a large number of ordinary people still followed the clothing and hairstyle of the Ming dynasty, except for the officials and military generals who had to wear the Manchu queue and uniforms. With time, Han Chinese men eventually voluntarily adopted Manchu-style clothing, such as changshan and magua, over time, and by the late Qing, officials, scholars, and many commoners wore Manchu-style clothing.