Straddle technique
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Straddle_technique
Straddle (deutsche Fachvokabel: Parallelwälzer oder Tauchwälzer oder Wälzsprung, da der Springer sich dabei bäuchlings über die Latte wälzt) nennt sich eine Hochsprungtechnik. Sie gilt als Weiterentwicklung des Rollstils und wurde erst seit 1968 zunehmend durch den Fosbury-Flop verdrängt und ist seit 1980 nahezu völlig aus dem Wettkampfsport verschwunden. Nach der Erfindung des Flops wurde sie als zu kompliziert und weniger effektiv angesehen.
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Lo stile ventrale, o western roll, è una tecnica di valicamento dell'asticella nelle competizioni di salto in alto, l'ultima utilizzata prima dell'avvento dello stile Fosbury.
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ベリーロール（belly roll）は、陸上競技の走高跳における跳躍の仕方の一種。 最後に踏み込んだ足と逆の足を上げ、体をバーと水平になるようにして、顔からバーを下に見る形をとり回転するようにして跳ぶ。正面跳びが基本であった頃に登場してから、より高く跳べるという事で急速に普及し時代を一新した。以前は義務教育の授業等ではさみ跳び等と並び広く用いられていた跳躍法ではあったが、背面跳びの登場により国際大会などでは使用されることが少なくなってきている。
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Sabel-arrabola (ingelesez: straddle technique) altuera-jauziko teknika da, gaur egun gero eta atleta gutxiagok erabiltzen dutena. Teknika horren arabera, atletak jauzi gorantz egiten du zango hila altxatuz, ondoren gorputza jiratzen du ardatz horizontalaren inguruan eta listoia beherantz, hau da lurrerantz begira dagoela gainditzen du. 1968an Dick Fosbury estatubatuarrak Fosbury Flop izeneko estilo erabat berria erabili zuen Mexikoko Olinpiadak 2,24 m. eginez irabazteko. Estilo hau azkar zabaldu zen, eta laster nagusitu zen "floppers" jauzi-lehiaketa handietan.
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The straddle technique was the dominant style in the high jump before the development of the Fosbury Flop. It is a successor of the Western roll, with which it is sometimes confused. Unlike the scissors or flop style of jump, where the jumper approaches the bar so as to take off from the outer foot, the straddle jumper approaches from the opposite side, so as to take off from the inner foot. In this respect the straddle resembles the western roll. However, in the western roll the jumper's side or back faces the bar; in the straddle the jumper crosses the bar face down, with legs straddling it. With this clearance position, the straddle has a mechanical advantage over the western roll, since it is possible to clear a bar that is higher relative to the jumper's center of mass. In simple term
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De rolsprong (Engels: straddle technique) was de dominante hoogspringtechniek vóór de opkomst van de Fosburyflop. Er kunnen drie varianten van de rolsprong onderscheiden worden: de zijrol, de parallel straddle en de duikrol, die in die volgorde zijn ontstaan en steeds grotere spronghoogtes mogelijk maakten. Bij de zijrol passeren springers in zijlig de lat, bij de parallel straddle rolt de springer over de lat met de buik naar de lat gekeerd. De duikrol is een perfectionering daarvan; eerst passeert het hoofd de lat en direct daarna de romp. De parallel straddle en de buikrol kunnen allebei met de term buikrol aangeduid worden.
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A straddle era o estilo dominante no salto em altura antes do desenvolvimento do fosbury flop, as vezes confundido com seu antecessor, o rolo ocidental. Ao contrário do salto tesoura ou o flop, onde o saltador se aproxima da barra para decolar do pé externo, o saltador no straddle se aproxima do lado oposto, para decolar do pé interno, se assemelhando ao rolo ocidental; no entanto, no rolo ocidental, o lado ou as costas do saltador ficam de frente para a barra; no straddle o saltador cruza a barra de bruços, com as pernas escarranchadas, tendo uma posição de folga e uma vantagem mecânica sobre o rolo ocidental, pois é possível alcançar uma barra mais alta em relação ao centro de massa do saltador. Em termos simples, o saltador de rolo ocidental tem que aumentar a largura do corpo acima da
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Straddle (Sport)
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Sabel-arrabol
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Stile ventrale
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ベリーロール
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Rolsprong
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Straddle technique
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Straddle (técnica)
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Straddle (deutsche Fachvokabel: Parallelwälzer oder Tauchwälzer oder Wälzsprung, da der Springer sich dabei bäuchlings über die Latte wälzt) nennt sich eine Hochsprungtechnik. Sie gilt als Weiterentwicklung des Rollstils und wurde erst seit 1968 zunehmend durch den Fosbury-Flop verdrängt und ist seit 1980 nahezu völlig aus dem Wettkampfsport verschwunden. Nach der Erfindung des Flops wurde sie als zu kompliziert und weniger effektiv angesehen.
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Sabel-arrabola (ingelesez: straddle technique) altuera-jauziko teknika da, gaur egun gero eta atleta gutxiagok erabiltzen dutena. Teknika horren arabera, atletak jauzi gorantz egiten du zango hila altxatuz, ondoren gorputza jiratzen du ardatz horizontalaren inguruan eta listoia beherantz, hau da lurrerantz begira dagoela gainditzen du. 1968an Dick Fosbury estatubatuarrak Fosbury Flop izeneko estilo erabat berria erabili zuen Mexikoko Olinpiadak 2,24 m. eginez irabazteko. Estilo hau azkar zabaldu zen, eta laster nagusitu zen "floppers" jauzi-lehiaketa handietan. Azken munduko errekor sabel-arrabola eginez izan zen. Honek 1978an 2,34 m. egin zuen.
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The straddle technique was the dominant style in the high jump before the development of the Fosbury Flop. It is a successor of the Western roll, with which it is sometimes confused. Unlike the scissors or flop style of jump, where the jumper approaches the bar so as to take off from the outer foot, the straddle jumper approaches from the opposite side, so as to take off from the inner foot. In this respect the straddle resembles the western roll. However, in the western roll the jumper's side or back faces the bar; in the straddle the jumper crosses the bar face down, with legs straddling it. With this clearance position, the straddle has a mechanical advantage over the western roll, since it is possible to clear a bar that is higher relative to the jumper's center of mass. In simple terms, the western roll jumper has to raise the width of the body above the bar; the straddle jumper has only to get the thickness of the body above it. There are two variants of the straddle: the parallel straddle and a more diving version. With the parallel straddle, the lead leg is kicked high and straight, and head and trunk pass the bar at the same time. Charles Dumas, the first high jumper to clear 7 ft, and John Thomas (silver medalist at the 1964 Summer Olympics) used this technique. Valeriy Brumel (gold in 1964) dived, his head going over the bar before his trunk. Probably the most extreme exponent of the dive straddle was Bob Avant, who cleared 7 ft. in 1961. Avant's technique was close to a pure dive, with just a small knee lift on his lead leg. In 1968, an American Dick Fosbury used a completely new style, called the Fosbury Flop, to win the 1968 Mexico Olympics by 2.24 m (7 ft 4 in). This style spread quickly, and soon "floppers" became dominant in high jump competitions. The last world record jump with the straddle technique was Vladimir Yashchenko's 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in) in 1978. (His best result was 2.35 m (7 ft 8+1⁄2 in) obtained in Milan at the 1978 European Athletics Indoor Championships). He was only 19 years old when he set the record, but a knee injury effectively ended his career the next year. Yashchenko's record was improved upon in 1980 by a flopper, Jacek Wszola of Poland, who had already won the 1976 Montréal Olympics. On the female side, straddle jumper Rosemarie Ackermann of East Germany raised the world record from 1.95 m (6 ft 4+3⁄4 in) to 2.00 m (6 ft 6+1⁄2 in) during 1974 to 1977, and she was the first female high jumper ever to clear 2 meters. Her record was surpassed by her long-term rival, the Italian flopper Sara Simeoni, by 1 cm in 1978. Ackermann was also the gold medalist of the 1976 Montréal Olympics, which was the last time for a straddle jumper (male or female) to win an Olympic medal. After Yashchenko and Ackermann, all world record holders and Olympics medalists in high jump have used the flop style. There is some debate over which of the two techniques is more efficient in the take-off and the clearance of the bar. Although both have advantages and disadvantages, the Fosbury flop is considered by many easier to learn, especially for younger jumpers, and thus has become the dominant technique. In 1993, an American high jumper brought back the straddle style in the Master's division, beating a 'flopper' at the World Championships in Miyazaki Japan. Harkins used the 'head down first' style as did Brumel. At 6' 71⁄4" at the U.S. National Championships in Bozeman, Montana; in March 1993, Harkins was the tallest jumper ever in the Master's to have used the straddle style. The last significant user of the style was East German Decathlete, Christian Schenk, who retired in 1994. He cleared 2.27 m (7 ft 5+1⁄4 in) in the 1988 Seoul Olympics where he claimed a gold medal, and this is still the Olympic Decathlete Best in high jump.
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Lo stile ventrale, o western roll, è una tecnica di valicamento dell'asticella nelle competizioni di salto in alto, l'ultima utilizzata prima dell'avvento dello stile Fosbury.
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ベリーロール（belly roll）は、陸上競技の走高跳における跳躍の仕方の一種。 最後に踏み込んだ足と逆の足を上げ、体をバーと水平になるようにして、顔からバーを下に見る形をとり回転するようにして跳ぶ。正面跳びが基本であった頃に登場してから、より高く跳べるという事で急速に普及し時代を一新した。以前は義務教育の授業等ではさみ跳び等と並び広く用いられていた跳躍法ではあったが、背面跳びの登場により国際大会などでは使用されることが少なくなってきている。
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De rolsprong (Engels: straddle technique) was de dominante hoogspringtechniek vóór de opkomst van de Fosburyflop. Er kunnen drie varianten van de rolsprong onderscheiden worden: de zijrol, de parallel straddle en de duikrol, die in die volgorde zijn ontstaan en steeds grotere spronghoogtes mogelijk maakten. Bij de zijrol passeren springers in zijlig de lat, bij de parallel straddle rolt de springer over de lat met de buik naar de lat gekeerd. De duikrol is een perfectionering daarvan; eerst passeert het hoofd de lat en direct daarna de romp. De parallel straddle en de buikrol kunnen allebei met de term buikrol aangeduid worden. Een voorbeeld van een springer die de parallel straddle gebruikte is de Amerikaan John Thomas. In 1960 bracht hij in vijf stappen het wereldrecord van 2,16 m naar 2,22 m en op de Olympische Spelen van 1964 won hij de zilveren medaille.Zijn opvolger was de Rus Valeri Broemel die in zes stappen het wereldrecord naar 2,28 m tilde, dat laatste in 1963. Brumel gebruikte de duikrol.Door twee andere rolspringers werd het record verder omhoog gebracht, waarna de Amerikaan Dwight Stones met de Fosburyflop tot 2,32 m kwam. Het laatste wereldrecord met de rolsprong was Vladimir Jasjtsjenko's 2,34 m in 1978. In 1980 werd dat met de flop verbeterd en zo kwam er een einde aan het tijdperk van de rolsprong. Bij de vrouwen ging de ontwikkeling anders. De Roemeense Iolanda Balaş was de dominante springster van 1957 tot 1967 en zij gebruikte een variant van de schotse sprong. Zij verbeterde in veel stapjes het wereldrecord tot 1,91 m in 1961 en het heeft tien jaar geduurd voordat dat record door een springster met de rolsprong werd verbeterd (dat was de Oostenrijkse Ilona Gusenbauer). Dat record werd weliswaar door een flop-springster geëvenaard, maar het was de Oost-Duitse Rosemarie Ackermann-Witchas die met de rolsprong het record tot de hoogte van 2,00 m wist te brengen in 1977. Een jaar later werd dat verbeterd en zo was bij de vrouwen de rolsprong iets eerder dan bij de mannen verleden tijd. De landing bij de rolsprong gebeurde meestal in een zandbak of in een berg zaagsel. Pas toen de kunststof landingsmatrassen werden ingevoerd kon de Fosburyflop uitgevonden worden, waarbij immers op de rug wordt geland.Er is enig verschil van mening over wat nu echt de beste hoogspringtechniek is, de rol of de flop. Beide hebben voor- en nadelen en het schijnt dat voor sommige springers de rol toch iets beter zou zijn. Omdat de flop gemakkelijker te leren is, zeker door kinderen, wordt de rolsprong echter zelden meer uitgeprobeerd. Bij beide technieken is het, althans volgens de biomechanische theorie, mogelijk dat het zwaartepunt onder de lat doorgaat, terwijl de springer eroverheen gaat.
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A straddle era o estilo dominante no salto em altura antes do desenvolvimento do fosbury flop, as vezes confundido com seu antecessor, o rolo ocidental. Ao contrário do salto tesoura ou o flop, onde o saltador se aproxima da barra para decolar do pé externo, o saltador no straddle se aproxima do lado oposto, para decolar do pé interno, se assemelhando ao rolo ocidental; no entanto, no rolo ocidental, o lado ou as costas do saltador ficam de frente para a barra; no straddle o saltador cruza a barra de bruços, com as pernas escarranchadas, tendo uma posição de folga e uma vantagem mecânica sobre o rolo ocidental, pois é possível alcançar uma barra mais alta em relação ao centro de massa do saltador. Em termos simples, o saltador de rolo ocidental tem que aumentar a largura do corpo acima da barra; o straddle tem apenas que obter a espessura do corpo acima dele. Existem duas variantes do straddle: o paralelo e o mergulho. Com o straddle paralelo, a perna da frente é chutada alta e reta, e a cabeça e o tronco passam a barra ao mesmo tempo. Charles Dumas, o primeiro saltador em altura a limpar 7 ft, e John Thomas (medalhista de prata na olimpíada de 1964) usou esta técnica. Valeriy Brumel (ouro em 1964) mergulhou, sua cabeça passando por cima da barra antes de seu tronco. Provavelmente o expoente mais extremo da variante mergulho foi Bob Avant, que limpou 7 pés em 1961. A técnica de Avant estava perto de um mergulho puro, com apenas uma pequena joelhada na perna dianteira. O último salto recorde mundial com a técnica straddle foi o de Vladimir Yashchenko de 2.34 m (7 pés 8 em) em 1978. (Seu melhor resultado foi 2.35 m obtido em Milão no campeonato europeu de 1978. No feminino, a saltadora de straddle Rosemarie Ackermann, da Alemanha Oriental, alcançou recorde mundial de 2 m no período de 1974 para 1977 Em 1968, um americano Dick Fosbury usou um estilo completamente novo, chamado Fosbury Flop, para vencer as olimpíadas de 1968 por 2.24 m (7 pés 4 em). Esse estilo se espalhou rapidamente e logo os "floppers" se tornaram dominantes nas competições de salto em altura. Em 1993, um saltador americano Steve Harkins trouxe de volta o estilo straddle na divisão Master, derrotando um 'flopper' no Campeonato Mundial em Miyazaki Japão. Harkins usou o estilo 'cabeça para baixo primeiro', assim como Brumel. Aos 6' 71⁄4 " no Campeonato Nacional dos EUA em Bozeman, Montana; em março de 1993, Harkins foi o saltador mais alto no master a ter usado o estilo straddle. O último usuário significativo do estilo foi o decatleta da Alemanha Oriental, Christian Schenk, que se aposentou em 1994. Ele acertou 2.27 m, na olimpíadas de 1988 conquistou a medalha de ouro, Olympic Decathlete Best in high jump.
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