Sino-Indian border dispute
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sino-Indian_border_dispute an entity of type: Thing
인도-중국 국경 분쟁(印度中國 國境 紛爭, 영어: Sino-Indian border dispute)은 중화인민공화국과 인도 양국의 국경에 대한 분쟁이다. 1962년 10월 20일부터 11월 21일에는 급기야 군사적 충돌이 발생했다.
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La Crisi sino-indiana per i territori di confine è una disputa territoriale tra Cina e India su diverse aree limitrofe, come l’Aksai Chin e l’Arunachal Pradesh, per oltre 120.000 km² nella regione del Kashmir.
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中印边界,指中华人民共和国與印度共和国之间的邊界,是中印关系中的敏感议题。中印邊界总长近2000公里,有总面积超过12万平方公里区域存在领土纠纷,涉及西段、中段和东段三个部分。中印边界锡金段为已定边境,但附近的中不边界存在争议,因不丹的外交和国防被印度控制,中不邊界爭議也受印度关注。中印原则上都同意和平解决争议。
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The Sino-Indian border dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute over the sovereignty of two relatively large, and several smaller, separated pieces of territory between China and India. The first of the territories, Aksai Chin, is administered by China as part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region and claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh; it is the most uninhabited high-altitude wasteland in the larger regions of Kashmir and Tibet and is crossed by the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, but with some significant pasture lands at the margins. The other disputed territory is south of the McMahon Line, formerly known as the North-East Frontier Agency and now called Arunachal Pradesh. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention signed between
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Sengketa perbatasan India-Tiongkok adalah sebuah sengketa wilayah atas kedaulatan dua potongan wilayah yang relatif besar serta beberapa potongan wilayah yang lebih kecil yang terpisah-pisah antara Tiongkok dan India. Wilayah pertama, Aksai Chin, diurus oleh Tiongkok sebagai bagian dari Wilayah Otonomi Uighur Xinjiang dan Wilayah Otonomi Tibet dan diklaim oleh India sebagai bagian dari wilayah persatuan Ladakh. Wilayah tersebut adalah sebuah wilayah dataran tinggi di wilayah Kashmir dan Tibet serta dilintasi oleh Jalan Tol Xinjiang-Tibet. Wilayah sengketa lainnya adalah selatan Garis McMahon, dulunya disebut sebagai dan kini disebut Arunachal Pradesh. Garis McMahon adalah bagian dari Konvensi Simla 1914 yang ditandatangani antara India Britania dan Tibet, tanpa kesepakatan Tiongkok. Pada
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Le conflit frontalier sino-indien est un litige frontalier en cours sur la souveraineté de deux parties de territoire relativement grandes et plusieurs plus petites et séparées entre la Chine et l'Inde, réparties en secteurs occidental, oriental et central. Le premier de ces territoires, l'Aksai Chin, est situé soit dans le territoire de l'union indienne du Ladakh, soit dans les régions autonomes chinoises du Xinjiang et du Tibet ; c'est une terre désolée de haute altitude pratiquement inhabitée traversée par la route Xinjiang-Tibet. L'autre territoire contesté se trouve au sud de la ligne McMahon, anciennement connue sous le nom de North-East Frontier Agency et maintenant appelée Arunachal Pradesh. La ligne McMahon faisait partie de la convention de Simla de 1914 signée entre l'Inde brita
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A Disputa de fronteira sino-indiana é uma questão de soberania sobre duas grandes e várias áreas separadas menores de territórios que são disputados entre China e Índia. A oeste, Aksai Chin, é reivindicado pela Índia como parte do estado de Jammu e Caxemira e na região de Ladakh, mas é controlada e administrada como parte da região autônoma chinesa de Xinjiang. É um território com extrema altitude e praticamente desabitado atravessado pela estrada de Xinjiang-Tibete. O outro grande território em disputa, a mais oriental, fica ao sul da Linha McMahon. Antigamente, era referido como , e agora é chamado de Arunachal Pradesh. A Linha McMahon fazia parte do Acordo de Simla entre a Índia britânica e o Tibete assinado em 1914, um acordo rejeitado pela China.
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Sengketa perbatasan India-Tiongkok
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Conflit frontalier sino-indien
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Crisi sino-indiana per i territori di confine
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인도-중국 국경 분쟁
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Sino-Indian border dispute
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Disputa de fronteira sino-indiana
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中印边界问题
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Sino-Indian border dispute
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Sumdorong Chu
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Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary
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Chumar
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Sumdorong Chu
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Major sites of Chinese transgressions on the LAC per official Indian Army and Indo-Tibetan Border Police data
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Line of Actual Control between China and India
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Red dots represent 10px sensitive and disputed locations on the line of actual control . Yellow dots 10px represent select Chinese claims in Bhutan and tri-junction areas related to the Sino-India border dispute.
Locations include Asaphila, Doklam, Longju, Tawang, Sumdorong Chu, Dichu area, Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, Doklam.
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Map of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with disputed areas claimed by China shown in blue.
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Map of Tibet Autonomous Region with disputed areas claimed by China shown in blue.
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Red dots represent 10px sensitive and disputed locations on the line of actual control such as Depsang, area of Kongka Pass, north of Kugrang River, north and south Pangong Tso, Spanggur Gap, opposite Dumchele, Demchok sector, Kaurik, Tashigang, Barahoti.
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Sino-Indian border dispute
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Chart
| width=300 | height=120
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisTitle=No. of Chinese transgressions
| legend=Legend
| type=stackedrect
| x=2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
| y1=164, 77, 112, 72, 142
| y2=92, 64, 127, 99, 116
| y3=67, 50, 75, 83, 157
| y4=69, 65, 90, 37, 68
| y1Title=Pangong Tso
| y2Title=Trig Heights
| y3Title=Burste
| y4Title=Dichu
| colors=DarkTurquoise, CadetBlue, LightSteelBlue, SteelBlue
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--10-20
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October 2019
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September 2022
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September 2017
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horizontal
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Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources
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right
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Xinjiang prfc map2alt.png
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Xizang prfc map.png
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proposed
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Longju
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Chushul
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Tawang
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Asaphila
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Barahoti
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Doklam
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Bum La Pass
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Kibithu
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Lipulekh Pass
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Nathu La
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Demchok
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Tashigang
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Chumar
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Sumdorong Chu
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Lamang
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Kaurik
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Spanggur Gap
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Area of Kongka La
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Dichu area
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East of Mt Sajum
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East of Point 6556
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Fish-Tail -I
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Fish-Tail -II
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N&S Pangong Tso
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North Samar Lungpa
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North of Kugrang River
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Trig Heights
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opposite Dumchele
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Daulet Beg Oldi
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Sakteng WLS
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bottom
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The reactions of Indian officials to these successive incursions have also been to a pattern:
*Suppress information
*Deny
Who is misled when information is suppressed? […] Not the Chinese— […] Not other countries, be they the US or Vietnam [….] The people who are lulled are the people of India. And the object of lulling them is straightforward—not just that they should not come to think that their government has been negligent, but that they should not pressurize the government into doing anything more than what it is doing.
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incidence is normally used only in the singular form, perhaps incidence, incidents, or instances was intended
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See Talk:Sino-Indian War#Sources
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Self-Deception: India's China Policies, 2013
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Le conflit frontalier sino-indien est un litige frontalier en cours sur la souveraineté de deux parties de territoire relativement grandes et plusieurs plus petites et séparées entre la Chine et l'Inde, réparties en secteurs occidental, oriental et central. Le premier de ces territoires, l'Aksai Chin, est situé soit dans le territoire de l'union indienne du Ladakh, soit dans les régions autonomes chinoises du Xinjiang et du Tibet ; c'est une terre désolée de haute altitude pratiquement inhabitée traversée par la route Xinjiang-Tibet. L'autre territoire contesté se trouve au sud de la ligne McMahon, anciennement connue sous le nom de North-East Frontier Agency et maintenant appelée Arunachal Pradesh. La ligne McMahon faisait partie de la convention de Simla de 1914 signée entre l'Inde britannique et le Tibet, sans l'accord de la Chine. En 2020, l'Inde continue de soutenir que la ligne McMahon est la frontière légale à l'est. La Chine n'a jamais accepté cette frontière, affirmant que le Tibet n'était jamais indépendant lorsqu'il a signé la convention de Simla, et ayant refusé de signer l'accord de 1914. La guerre sino-indienne de 1962 a eu lieu dans les deux zones disputées. Les troupes chinoises ont attaqué les postes frontières indiens au Ladakh à l'ouest et ont traversé la ligne McMahon à l'est. Il y a eu un bref affrontement frontalier en 1967 dans la région du Sikkim. En 1987 et en 2013, les conflits potentiels entre les deux différentes lignes de contrôle réel ont été désamorcés avec succès. Un conflit impliquant une zone contrôlée par le Bhoutan à la frontière entre le Bhoutan et la Chine a été désamorcé avec succès en 2017 à la suite de blessures infligées aux troupes indiennes et chinoises. De multiples affrontements ont éclaté en 2020, atteignant des dizaines de morts en juin 2020. L'accord pour résoudre le différend conclu en 1996 comprenait des « mesures de confiance » et la ligne de contrôle effectif. En 2006, l'ambassadeur de Chine en Inde a affirmé que tout l'Arunachal Pradesh est un territoire chinois au milieu d'un renforcement militaire. À l'époque, les deux pays revendiquaient des incursions jusqu'à un kilomètre à la pointe nord du Sikkim. En 2009, l'Inde a annoncé qu'elle déploierait des forces militaires supplémentaires le long de la frontière. En 2014, l'Inde a proposé que la Chine reconnaisse une politique « d'une seule Inde » afin de résoudre le différend frontalier.
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Sengketa perbatasan India-Tiongkok adalah sebuah sengketa wilayah atas kedaulatan dua potongan wilayah yang relatif besar serta beberapa potongan wilayah yang lebih kecil yang terpisah-pisah antara Tiongkok dan India. Wilayah pertama, Aksai Chin, diurus oleh Tiongkok sebagai bagian dari Wilayah Otonomi Uighur Xinjiang dan Wilayah Otonomi Tibet dan diklaim oleh India sebagai bagian dari wilayah persatuan Ladakh. Wilayah tersebut adalah sebuah wilayah dataran tinggi di wilayah Kashmir dan Tibet serta dilintasi oleh Jalan Tol Xinjiang-Tibet. Wilayah sengketa lainnya adalah selatan Garis McMahon, dulunya disebut sebagai dan kini disebut Arunachal Pradesh. Garis McMahon adalah bagian dari Konvensi Simla 1914 yang ditandatangani antara India Britania dan Tibet, tanpa kesepakatan Tiongkok. Pada 2020, India masih menyatakan bahwa Garis McMahon adalah perbatasan sah di timur. Tiongkok tak pernah menerima perbatasan tersebut, dengan alasan bahwa Tibet tak pernah merdeka saat negara tersebut menandatangani Konvensi Simla.
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The Sino-Indian border dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute over the sovereignty of two relatively large, and several smaller, separated pieces of territory between China and India. The first of the territories, Aksai Chin, is administered by China as part of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region and claimed by India as part of the union territory of Ladakh; it is the most uninhabited high-altitude wasteland in the larger regions of Kashmir and Tibet and is crossed by the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, but with some significant pasture lands at the margins. The other disputed territory is south of the McMahon Line, formerly known as the North-East Frontier Agency and now called Arunachal Pradesh. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention signed between British India and Tibet, without China's agreement. China disowns the agreement, stating that Tibet was never independent when it signed the Simla Convention. The 1962 Sino-Indian War was fought in both disputed areas. Chinese troops attacked Indian border posts in Ladakh in the west and crossed the McMahon line in the east. There was a brief border clash in 1967 in the region of Sikkim. In 1987 and in 2013, potential conflicts over the two differing Lines of Actual Control were successfully de-escalated. A conflict involving a Bhutanese-controlled area on the border between Bhutan and China was successfully de-escalated in 2017 following injuries to both Indian and Chinese troops. Multiple brawls broke out in 2020, escalating to dozens of deaths in June 2020. Agreements signed pending the ultimate resolution of the boundary question were concluded in 1993 and 1996. This included "confidence-building measures" and the Line of Actual Control. To address the boundary question formalised groups were created such as the Joint Working Group (JWG) on the boundary question. It would be assisted by the Diplomatic and Military Expert Group. In 2003 the Special Representatives (SRs) mechanism was constituted. In 2012 another dispute resolution mechanism, the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) was framed.
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인도-중국 국경 분쟁(印度中國 國境 紛爭, 영어: Sino-Indian border dispute)은 중화인민공화국과 인도 양국의 국경에 대한 분쟁이다. 1962년 10월 20일부터 11월 21일에는 급기야 군사적 충돌이 발생했다.
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La Crisi sino-indiana per i territori di confine è una disputa territoriale tra Cina e India su diverse aree limitrofe, come l’Aksai Chin e l’Arunachal Pradesh, per oltre 120.000 km² nella regione del Kashmir.
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A Disputa de fronteira sino-indiana é uma questão de soberania sobre duas grandes e várias áreas separadas menores de territórios que são disputados entre China e Índia. A oeste, Aksai Chin, é reivindicado pela Índia como parte do estado de Jammu e Caxemira e na região de Ladakh, mas é controlada e administrada como parte da região autônoma chinesa de Xinjiang. É um território com extrema altitude e praticamente desabitado atravessado pela estrada de Xinjiang-Tibete. O outro grande território em disputa, a mais oriental, fica ao sul da Linha McMahon. Antigamente, era referido como , e agora é chamado de Arunachal Pradesh. A Linha McMahon fazia parte do Acordo de Simla entre a Índia britânica e o Tibete assinado em 1914, um acordo rejeitado pela China. Os chineses reivindicavam o território ao longo do sopé meridional da Cordilheira do Himalaia, que denominavam como Tibete do Sul, alegando que o Império Chinês exercia soberania sobre a região desde a época das conquistas mongóis do Século XIII até os tempos da Dinastia Qing, por meio de representantes do Imperador da China em Lhasa. A China não reconhecia a validade do acordo rubricado, mas não assinado pelo representante chinês, , durante um época em que a China vivia os tempos turbulentos após a queda da Dinastia Qing, alegando que o acordo fora maculado pela presença de delegados tibetanos que não estavam autorizados ao exercício da soberania, e, portanto, se recusava a reconhecer soberania da Índia sobre o território situado ao sul da Linha McMahon. O Império Britânico reivindicava a soberania sobre a região de Aksai Chin em seus mapas oficiais, embora não existam indícios da presença britânica no território que é quase inacessível a partir da China. A dificuldade de acesso também dificultava o exercício da soberania indiana sobre a região, razão pela qual a Índia demorou alguns meses para perceber que, em 1955, a China estava construindo uma estrada na região que atualmente liga Xinjiang ao Tibete. Após a Revolta no Tibete em 1959, que resultou na fuga do Dalai Lama para a Índia, Zhou Enlai propôs reconhecer a soberania indiana sobre os territórios situados ao sul da Linha McMahon em troca do reconhecimento da Índia da soberania chinesa sobre Aksai Chin. Jawaharlal Nehru, rejeitou a proposta chinesa com base no entendimento de que a Índia independente não poderia fazer concessões em relação aos territórios herdados da Índia Britânica. Em 1962 a Guerra sino-indiana foi travada em ambas as áreas. Um acordo para resolver a disputa foi concluído em 1996, incluindo "medidas de confiança" e um acordo mútuo, a Linha de Controlo Real. Em 2006, o embaixador da China para a Índia alegou que todo a área de Arunachal Pradesh é território chinês no meio de um fortalecimento militar. Na época, ambos os países afirmaram incursões, tanto quanto um quilômetro no extremo norte de Sikkim. Em 2009, a Índia anunciou que iria enviar forças militares adicionais ao longo da fronteira.
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中印边界,指中华人民共和国與印度共和国之间的邊界,是中印关系中的敏感议题。中印邊界总长近2000公里,有总面积超过12万平方公里区域存在领土纠纷,涉及西段、中段和东段三个部分。中印边界锡金段为已定边境,但附近的中不边界存在争议,因不丹的外交和国防被印度控制,中不邊界爭議也受印度关注。中印原则上都同意和平解决争议。
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East of Mt Sajum opposite Dumchele
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