Operation Northern Watch

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Operation_Northern_Watch an entity of type: Thing

عملية المراقبة الشمالية تم التخطيط لها بعد عملية توفير الراحة وكان هدفها تطبيق نظام حظر طيران في شمال العراق، وبدأت المهمة في 1 كانون الثاني/ يناير 1997. rdf:langString

ノーザン・ウォッチ作戦（Operation Northern Watch）は、アメリカ欧州軍合同任務部隊（Combined Task Force (CTF)）による、イラク上空北緯36度以北、飛行禁止空域における監視作戦。クルド人支援作戦であるの後継として、1997年1月に開始され、2003年3月より始まるイラクの自由作戦まで続けられた。 rdf:langString

Die Operation Northern Watch (ONW) war eine Operation einer Combined Task Force (CTF) zur Durchsetzung einer Flugverbotszone im Irak nördlich des 36. Breitengrades. Es waren Streitkräfte der Vereinigten Staaten, des Vereinigten Königreichs und der Türkei beteiligt. Ziel war der Schutz der kurdischen Bevölkerung in dem Gebiet vor Angriffen der Irakischen Luftwaffe gemäß der Resolution 678, der und der Resolution 688 des Sicherheitsrates der Vereinten Nationen. Rund 1.400 Soldaten nahmen laufend an der Operation teil. Eingesetzt wurden rund 45 Flugzeuge verschiedener Typen: rdf:langString

L’opération Northern Watch est une zone d'exclusion aérienne (no-fly zone) sur le 36e parallèle nord dans le nord de l'Irak menée à la suite de l'opération Provide Comfort. Elle relève du United States European Command et débuta le 1er janvier 1997. La Turquie, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis mobilisèrent pas moins de 50 avions et 1 400 hommes dans le cadre de l'opération. Northern Watch prit fin effectivement le 17 mars 2003 avec l'invasion de l'Irak par une coalition menée par les États-Unis. rdf:langString

Operation Northern Watch (ONW), the successor to Operation Provide Comfort, was a Combined Task Force (CTF) charged with enforcing its own no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. Its mission began on 1 January 1997. The coalition partners of the United States, United Kingdom, and Turkey provided approximately 45 aircraft and more than 1,400 personnel to support Operation Northern Watch. The joint U.S. forces of some 1,100 U.S. personnel, included airmen, sailors, soldiers, and Marines, as well as aircraft from every arm of the United States Armed Forces. rdf:langString

L'operazione Nothern Watch fu il seguito dell'operazione Provide Comfort, eseguita dagli Stati Uniti, dal Regno Unito e dalla Turchia per mantenere il controllo aereo sulla no-fly zone sopra il 36º parallelo (il nord dell'Iraq) tra il 1º gennaio 1997 e il 17 marzo 2003. Inizialmente l'operazione doveva durare sei mesi, come stabilito dal mandato turco. In seguito il governo turco rinnovò il mandato per altri sei mesi. Di fatto nel primo anno dell'operazione non vi fu alcuno scontro tra forze aeree della Coalizione e le forze aeree irachene. rdf:langString

Operatie Northern Watch was de opvolger van de Amerikaanse Operatie Provide Comfort die de vluchtende Koerden in Noord-Irak moest beschermen na de Golfoorlog van 1990-1991.De operatie werd geleid door de US European Command Combined Task Force en moest de door de Verenigde Naties gemandateerde no-flyzone in Noord-Irak boven de 36ste breedtegraad bewaken. De missie begon op 1 januari 1997. De deelnemende landen leverden ongeveer 45 vliegtuigen en 1400 manschappen voor de operatie. Het originele mandaat van de Turkse overheid was voor zes maanden en werd twee keer met zes maanden verlengd. Op 17 maart 2003 werd de laatste patrouillevlucht gevlogen en op 1 mei werd de operatie officieel beëindigd. rdf:langString

A Operação Northern Watch (em português Vigília do Norte), que sucedeu a , foi uma missão duradoura conduzida em conjunto por uma Força Taréfa conjunta de americanos e europeus feita para implementar uma zona de exclusão aérea ao norte do paralelo 36 no Iraque. A missão começou em 1 de janeiro de 1997. A coalizão formada por Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e pela Turquia, com uma força de 45 aeronaves apoiados por 1400 homens no solo, foi responsável por esta operação. Do pessoal envolvido, pelo menos 1 100 eram americanos que incluía marinheiros, soldados e pilotos da Força Aérea. rdf:langString

rdfs:label

rdf:langString Operation Northern Watch

rdf:langString عملية المراقبة الشمالية

rdf:langString Operation Northern Watch

rdf:langString Opération Northern Watch

rdf:langString Operazione Northern Watch

rdf:langString ノーザン・ウォッチ作戦

rdf:langString Operatie Northern Watch

rdf:langString Operação Northern Watch

foaf:name

rdf:langString Operation Northern Watch

dbpedia-owl:wikiPageID

xsd:integer 7179668

dbpedia-owl:wikiPageRevisionID

xsd:integer 1118440118

dbpprop:caption

rdf:langString Three British RAF Jaguars on a Northern Watch mission in September 2002

dbpprop:combatant

rdf:langString Iraq

dbpprop:commander

rdf:langString Bill Clinton

rdf:langString George W. Bush

rdf:langString Saddam Hussein

dbpprop:conflict

rdf:langString Operation Northern Watch

dbpprop:date

xsd:gMonthDay --01-01

dbpprop:partof

rdf:langString the Iraqi no-fly zones

dbpprop:place

rdf:langString Northern Iraq

dbpprop:result

rdf:langString Successful maintenance of an autonomous Kurdish region in northern Iraq

rdf:langString Militarily inconclusive

rdf:langString No-fly Zones ended after 2003 invasion of Iraq

dbpprop:strength

rdf:langString Around 50 aircraft and 1,400 personnel at any one time

rdf:langString Various Iraqi air defense forces

dbpedia-owl:abstract

rdf:langString عملية المراقبة الشمالية تم التخطيط لها بعد عملية توفير الراحة وكان هدفها تطبيق نظام حظر طيران في شمال العراق، وبدأت المهمة في 1 كانون الثاني/ يناير 1997.

rdf:langString Die Operation Northern Watch (ONW) war eine Operation einer Combined Task Force (CTF) zur Durchsetzung einer Flugverbotszone im Irak nördlich des 36. Breitengrades. Es waren Streitkräfte der Vereinigten Staaten, des Vereinigten Königreichs und der Türkei beteiligt. Ziel war der Schutz der kurdischen Bevölkerung in dem Gebiet vor Angriffen der Irakischen Luftwaffe gemäß der Resolution 678, der und der Resolution 688 des Sicherheitsrates der Vereinten Nationen. Die multinationale Operation begann am 1. Januar 1997 und endete am 17. März 2003. Das Hauptquartier der Operation befand sich auf der Incirlik Air Base in der Türkei. Während des Operationszeitraums kam es zu mehreren Zwischenfällen mit der irakischen Luftabwehr. In mehreren Fällen wurden irakische Radarstationen, Flugabwehrgeschütze und Flugabwehrraketenstellungen mit Luft-Boden-Raketen vom Typ AGM-88 HARM und Präzisionsbomben vom Typ Paveway bekämpft und zerstört. Unter anderem zerstörte am 7. Januar 1999 eine US-amerikanische F-16C/J mit einer HARM-Rakete nahe Mossul ein irakisches Flugabwehrraketensystem vom Typ Roland und am 11. Januar 1999 zerstören zwei F-15E ein Flugabwehrraketensystem 2K12 „Quadrat“ (SA-6 Gainful) mit Präzisionsbomben. Rund 1.400 Soldaten nahmen laufend an der Operation teil. Eingesetzt wurden rund 45 Flugzeuge verschiedener Typen: USA * AWACS-Luftaufklärer E-3A Sentry * Luftüberlegenheitsjäger F-15C Eagle * Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug F-15E Strike Eagle * Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug F-16CJ Falcon * Eloka-Flugzeug EA-6B Prowler und * Tankflugzeug KC-135 Stratotanker * SAR-Flugzeug HC-130 Hercules * Transportflugzeug C-12 Huron sowie * MedEvac-Hubschrauber vom Typ HH-60 Pave HawkVereinigtes Königreich * Jagdbomber Jaguar GR-1, Jaguar GR3A * Tankflugzeug VC-10 RefuelerTürkei * Mehrzweckkampfflugzeug F-16C Falcon * Abfangjäger F-4E Phantom II * Tankflugzeug KC-135 Stratotanker Das Gegenstück zur Operation Northern Watch war die Operation Southern Watch im Süden des Irak.

rdf:langString Operation Northern Watch (ONW), the successor to Operation Provide Comfort, was a Combined Task Force (CTF) charged with enforcing its own no-fly zone above the 36th parallel in Iraq. Its mission began on 1 January 1997. The coalition partners of the United States, United Kingdom, and Turkey provided approximately 45 aircraft and more than 1,400 personnel to support Operation Northern Watch. The joint U.S. forces of some 1,100 U.S. personnel, included airmen, sailors, soldiers, and Marines, as well as aircraft from every arm of the United States Armed Forces. The original mandate from the Turkish government allowed the operation to continue for six months. Turkey subsequently approved two 6-month extensions, but indicated that it would not become a permanent mission. For the first year of the mission, northern Iraq was quiet, with no combat between Coalition aircraft and Iraqi forces. Operation Northern Watch forces did not take part in Operation Desert Fox in December 1998. After Desert Fox, Iraq announced they would no longer recognize the no-fly zones and urged their troops to attack Coalition aircraft. On 28 December 1998 Iraq fired SA-3 surface to air missiles against coalition aircraft patrolling the northern no-fly zone. In response, U.S. Air Force (USAF) F-15Es, F-16CJs, and U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) EA-6Bs launched anti-radiation missiles and dropped precision guided munitions (PGMs) on the SA-3 ground-based missile site that fired on the ONW aircraft, and destroyed it. From December 1998 to March 1999, U.S. aircraft over northern Iraq came under almost daily fire from Iraqi surface-to-air missile sites and anti-aircraft guns. U.S. aircraft responded by bombing Iraqi air-defense sites, using laser-guided bombs as well as AGM-88 HARM missiles and AGM-130 long range air-to-surface missiles. The first combat use of the AGM-130 was conducted during ONW. Coalition aircraft flew patrols on an average of 18 days per month, and were usually fired upon. The most common threat was from anti-aircraft guns. Despite Saddam Hussein offering a $14,000 reward for downing a Coalition aircraft, no warplanes were shot down. Low level conflict continued up until the invasion of Iraq in 2003, although the number of response incidents declined dramatically after 1999. The final combat air patrol occurred on 17 March 2003 (from the Incirlik Air Base) by the 181st FW Indiana Air National Guard and the 55th FW Shaw AFB SC. Six weeks later the operation concluded with an official stand down on 1 May 2003. A grand total of 36,000 sorties were flown during Operation Northern Watch, and 40,000 personnel had been deployed at some point during the operation. Operation Northern Watch was the longest combat operation in the history of the European Command.

rdf:langString L’opération Northern Watch est une zone d'exclusion aérienne (no-fly zone) sur le 36e parallèle nord dans le nord de l'Irak menée à la suite de l'opération Provide Comfort. Elle relève du United States European Command et débuta le 1er janvier 1997. La Turquie, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis mobilisèrent pas moins de 50 avions et 1 400 hommes dans le cadre de l'opération. Un total de 36 000 sorties eurent lieu lors de Northern Watch. Durant les premiers mois de 1999, l'opération fut arrêtée temporairement, les avions de l'OTAN étant appelés en Europe lors de la guerre du Kosovo dans le cadre de l'opération Allied Force. De nombreux systèmes anti-aériens irakiens furent détruits lors de l'opération. Northern Watch prit fin effectivement le 17 mars 2003 avec l'invasion de l'Irak par une coalition menée par les États-Unis.

rdf:langString L'operazione Nothern Watch fu il seguito dell'operazione Provide Comfort, eseguita dagli Stati Uniti, dal Regno Unito e dalla Turchia per mantenere il controllo aereo sulla no-fly zone sopra il 36º parallelo (il nord dell'Iraq) tra il 1º gennaio 1997 e il 17 marzo 2003. Inizialmente l'operazione doveva durare sei mesi, come stabilito dal mandato turco. In seguito il governo turco rinnovò il mandato per altri sei mesi. Di fatto nel primo anno dell'operazione non vi fu alcuno scontro tra forze aeree della Coalizione e le forze aeree irachene. In seguito all'operazione Desert Fox l'Iraq annunciò di non voler più riconoscere la no-fly zone e cominciò ad attaccare i velivoli della Coalizione. Dal dicembre 1998 al marzo 1999 tali aerei vennero attaccati quasi ogni giorno dai missili terra-aria iracheni. Come risposta gli aerei colpirono diversi siti di difesa antiaerea con i loro missili aria-terra AGM-88 HARM e gli AGM-130. Gli aerei della Coalizione pattugliarono i cieli del nord dell'Iraq per una media di diciotto giorni al mese e, nonostante Saddam Hussein avesse promesso 14 000 dollari a chiunque fosse riuscito ad abbattere un aereo nemico, nessun velivolo fu distrutto. Durante i primi mesi del 1999 l'operazione ebbe un arresto dato che molti velivoli vennero mandati in Italia per prendere parte all'operazione Allied Force. L'operazione mantenne un basso profilo fino all'inizio della seconda guerra in Iraq nel 2003 quando il 17 marzo vi fu l'ultimo combat air patrol nella quale la Coalizione annientò le forze aeree irachene. L'operazione Northern Watch terminò lo stesso giorno (ufficialmente si ritenne conclusa il 1º maggio) dopo un totale di 36 000 missioni.

rdf:langString ノーザン・ウォッチ作戦（Operation Northern Watch）は、アメリカ欧州軍合同任務部隊（Combined Task Force (CTF)）による、イラク上空北緯36度以北、飛行禁止空域における監視作戦。クルド人支援作戦であるの後継として、1997年1月に開始され、2003年3月より始まるイラクの自由作戦まで続けられた。

rdf:langString Operatie Northern Watch was de opvolger van de Amerikaanse Operatie Provide Comfort die de vluchtende Koerden in Noord-Irak moest beschermen na de Golfoorlog van 1990-1991.De operatie werd geleid door de US European Command Combined Task Force en moest de door de Verenigde Naties gemandateerde no-flyzone in Noord-Irak boven de 36ste breedtegraad bewaken. De missie begon op 1 januari 1997. De deelnemende landen leverden ongeveer 45 vliegtuigen en 1400 manschappen voor de operatie. Het originele mandaat van de Turkse overheid was voor zes maanden en werd twee keer met zes maanden verlengd. Op 17 maart 2003 werd de laatste patrouillevlucht gevlogen en op 1 mei werd de operatie officieel beëindigd. In november 1998 werd de operatie korte tijd onderbroken voor Operatie Desert Fox.Gedurende vier dagen werden luchtaanvallen uitgevoerd in Irak toen het land wapeninspecties bleef tegenwerken. Kort na Desert Fox liet Irak weten de no-flyzones in het Noorden en het Zuiden - die bewaakt werd door Operatie Southern Watch - niet langer te erkennen. Eind december 1998 werden de patrouillevliegtuigen van de coalitie beschoten met luchtdoelraketten. De coalitie antwoordde met bombardementen op de Iraakse stellingen. Ook ging geen enkel vliegtuig verloren ondanks de prijs van meer dan 10.000 euro die Saddam Hoessein hier zelf voor uitloofde. In februari 1999 verbeterde de relatie tussen de deelnemende landen nog toen ze een unilaterale overeenkomst met de in de no-flyzone te volgen regels tekenden. Op 17 maart 2003 werd Operatie Northern Watch beëindigd, twee dagen voor het begin van de Irakoorlog. In de looptijd hadden 40.000 manschappen deelgenomen en waren 36.000 vluchten uitgevoerd.

rdf:langString A Operação Northern Watch (em português Vigília do Norte), que sucedeu a , foi uma missão duradoura conduzida em conjunto por uma Força Taréfa conjunta de americanos e europeus feita para implementar uma zona de exclusão aérea ao norte do paralelo 36 no Iraque. A missão começou em 1 de janeiro de 1997. A coalizão formada por Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e pela Turquia, com uma força de 45 aeronaves apoiados por 1400 homens no solo, foi responsável por esta operação. Do pessoal envolvido, pelo menos 1 100 eram americanos que incluía marinheiros, soldados e pilotos da Força Aérea. Originalmente, o governo turco deu permissão para que a operação durasse seis meses. Os turcos subsequentemente aprovaram mais duas extensões de 6 meses cada, mas deram a entender que não seria uma operação permanente. No primeiro ano da missão, o norte do Iraque estava quieto, com nenhum confronto entre aeronaves da coalizão e da força aérea iraquiana. As forças envolvidas na Northern Watch não tomaram parte da Operação Desert Fox, que aconteceu em dezembro de 1998. Depois deste confronto, o Iraque anunciou que não iria mais reconhecer as zonas de zonas de exclusão aérea sobre o país e então começaram a atacar aeronaves da coalizão. De dezembro de 1998 a março de 1999, aerovanes americanas e aliadas que sobrevoavam o norte do Iraque foram alvos constantes de artilharia antiaérea e de mísseis terra-ar. Os americanos responderam bombardeando as bases de defesa e resposta aérea iraquianas que disparavam contra eles, destruindo boa parte dos locais de lançamento de misseis de defesa do Iraque. Aeronaves da coalizão voavam pelo menos 18 vezes por mês e normalmente eram recebidas a tiro. A arma mais utilizada pelos iraquianos eram canhões e metralhadoras antiaéreas. Apesar de Saddam Hussein, o então presidente do Iraque, oferecer uma recompensa de US$14 mil dólares para quem abatesse uma aeronave da coalizão, nenhum avião foi derrubado. Durante os primeiros meses de 1999, as atividades da coalizão no Iraque foram interrompidas enquanto aeronaves de combate aliadas eram transportadas para a Itália para tomar parte da chamada Operação Forças Aliadas na Iugoslávia. Houve poucas missões até a invasão do Iraque em 2003. A última patrulha aérea de combate aconteceu em 17 de março de 2003 (a partir da Base Aérea de İncirlik). Seis semanas depois, a operação foi oficialmente encerrada em 1 de maio de 2003. Um total de 36 000 missões de combate e patrulha foram executadas durante a Northern Watch e pelo menos 40 000 combatentes serviram durante a operação.

dbpedia-owl:wikiPageLength

xsd:nonNegativeInteger 6697

dbpedia-owl:combatant

xsd:string Iraq

dbpedia-owl:date

xsd:date 1997-01-01

dbpedia-owl:result

xsd:string Successful maintenance of an autonomous Kurdish region in northern Iraq

xsd:string Militarily inconclusive

xsd:string No-fly Zones ended after2003 invasion of Iraq

dbpedia-owl:strength

xsd:string Around 50 aircraft and 1,400 personnel at any one time