Operation Bowler
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Operation_Bowler an entity of type: Thing
L'operazione Bowler (in inglese Operation Bowler) fu un attacco aereo degli Alleati contro il porto di Venezia e le sue infrastrutture avvenuto il 21 marzo 1945. L'attacco è stato condotto dal colonnello (Group Captain) della RAF . Si trattò dell'unica operazione di bombardamento aereo che Venezia subì ad opera degli Alleati
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Операция Баулер (англ. Operation Bowler; итал. Operazione Bowler) — авиаудар союзников по и инфраструктуре Венеции, произошедший 21 марта 1945 года. Руководил атакой полковник Королевских ВВС Джордж Уэстлейк.
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L'opération Bowler est une attaque aérienne contre le port de Venise par des avions alliés le 21 mars 1945, dans le cadre de la campagne d'Italie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'opération est dirigé par le Wing commander par intérim (plus tard Group captain) George Westlake de la Royal Air Force.
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Operation Bowler was an air attack on Venice harbour by Allied aircraft on 21 March 1945, as part of the Italian campaign of the Second World War. It was led by Acting Wing Commander, later Group Captain, of the Royal Air Force. Westlake was recognised soon afterwards, awarded the Distinguished Service Order for "excellent leadership, great tactical ability and exceptional determination", having already won the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1942 for continuous gallantry in around 300 operational sorties.
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Operazione Bowler
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Opération Bowler
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Operation Bowler
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Операция «Баулер»
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20425540
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1056779987
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Success
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George Westlake, responsible for the success of Bowler, carrying a cask of wine
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1945-03-21
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aerial bombardment
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L'opération Bowler est une attaque aérienne contre le port de Venise par des avions alliés le 21 mars 1945, dans le cadre de la campagne d'Italie de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'opération est dirigé par le Wing commander par intérim (plus tard Group captain) George Westlake de la Royal Air Force. Au début de 1945, les réseaux ferroviaire et routier du nord de l'Italie avaient subi de graves dommages, obligeant les Allemands à recourir à l'expédition de marchandises à Venise, puis à les déplacer de la ville le long des rivières et des canaux. Une attaque contre le port de la ville est donc jugée nécessaire par le commandement allié, malgré un risque élevé de dommage contre les trésors architecturaux et artistiques de la ville, comme cela avait été le cas lors d'autres batailles de la campagne d'Italie, comme la bataille de Monte Cassino. L'opération est planifiée avec précision afin d'éviter de tels dommages. Elle est nommée opération Bowler par le vice-maréchal de l'air Robert Foster, pour rappeler aux militaires impliquées le risque encouru : « bowler hatted » (retour à la vie civile) en cas d’endommagement de la ville. Après avoir évalué les conditions météorologiques, Westlake mène l'attaque dans un Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk du (en), qui fait partie de la No. 239 Wing RAF, composée d'escadrons Kittyhawk et Mustang et spécialisée dans les opérations de bombardement en piqué. Les chasseurs attaquent les défenses des docks, provoquant de légers dommages architecturaux, notamment quelques vitres cassées. L'attaque coule le torpilleur TA42 (ex-Alabarda), deux navires marchands ainsi que des escortes navales et des navires plus petits, endommage gravement un gros cargo et détruit cinq entrepôts, un stock de mines de l'Axe (en faisant un trou de 100 mètres dans le quai) et d'autres infrastructures portuaires, comme un établissement d'entraînement sous-marin pour hommes-grenouilles et torpilles humaines. Westlake est reconnu peu de temps après, récompensé par l'Ordre du service distingué pour « son excellent leadership, une grande capacité tactique et une détermination exceptionnelle », ayant déjà remporté la Distinguished Flying Cross en 1942 pour sa bravoure continue dans environ 300 sorties opérationnelles.
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Operation Bowler was an air attack on Venice harbour by Allied aircraft on 21 March 1945, as part of the Italian campaign of the Second World War. It was led by Acting Wing Commander, later Group Captain, of the Royal Air Force. By early 1945, the rail and road networks of northern Italy had sustained severe damage, forcing the Germans to resort to shipping goods into Venice and then moving them from there along rivers and canals. An attack on the city's harbour was thus deemed necessary by Allied command, although the risk of damage to the city's architectural and artistic treasures was high, as it had been in other battles of the Italian campaign, such as Battle of Monte Cassino. The operation was planned to be extremely precise to avoid any such damage and was named Operation Bowler by Air Vice-Marshal Robert Foster, as a reminder to those involved that they would be "bowler hatted" (returned to civilian life) or worse should Venice itself be damaged. Having assessed the weather, Westlake led the attack in a Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk from No. 250 Squadron RAF, part of , which was composed of Kittyhawk and Mustang squadrons and specialised in dive-bombing operations. The fighters attacked the gun defences of the docks and, that done, the bombers then dived in to attack almost vertically to ensure precision, with civilian observers feeling safe enough to climb on the city's rooftops to observe the attack and with the only architectural damage being no more than a few broken windows. The attack sank the German torpedo boat TA42 (ex Italian Alabarda), two merchant ships as well as naval escorts and smaller vessels. It seriously damaged a large cargo ship and destroyed five warehouses, an Axis mine stockpile (blowing a 100-yard hole in the quayside) and other harbour infrastructure, such as an underwater training establishment for frogmen and human torpedoes. Westlake was recognised soon afterwards, awarded the Distinguished Service Order for "excellent leadership, great tactical ability and exceptional determination", having already won the Distinguished Flying Cross in 1942 for continuous gallantry in around 300 operational sorties.
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L'operazione Bowler (in inglese Operation Bowler) fu un attacco aereo degli Alleati contro il porto di Venezia e le sue infrastrutture avvenuto il 21 marzo 1945. L'attacco è stato condotto dal colonnello (Group Captain) della RAF . Si trattò dell'unica operazione di bombardamento aereo che Venezia subì ad opera degli Alleati
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Операция Баулер (англ. Operation Bowler; итал. Operazione Bowler) — авиаудар союзников по и инфраструктуре Венеции, произошедший 21 марта 1945 года. Руководил атакой полковник Королевских ВВС Джордж Уэстлейк.
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4701