Metal-ligand cooperativity

rdf:langString Metal-ligand cooperativity

rdf:langString Metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) is a mode of reactivity in which a metal and ligand of a complex are both involved in the bond breaking or bond formation of a substrate during the course of a reaction. This ligand is an actor ligand rather than a spectator, and the reaction is generally only deemed to contain MLC if the actor ligand is doing more than leaving to provide an open coordination site. MLC is also referred to as "metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis." Note that MLC is not to be confused with cooperative binding. The earliest reported metal-ligand cooperativity was from the Fujiwara group in the 1950s, in which they reported formation of stilbene from styrene and arenes using a palladium chloride catalyst. Shvo's catalyst was developed for one of the earliest uses of ketone hydrogenation by an outer-sphere mechanism. Noyori has developed many chiral catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation. Transfer hydrogenation, one of the most commonly used applications of MLC, is employed broadly in industry for large scale Noyori-type reductions.