Marine microorganisms

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Marine_microorganisms an entity of type: Thing

Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse. They can be single-celled or multicellular and include bacteria, archaea, viruses and most protozoa, as well as some fungi, algae, and animals, such as rotifers and copepods. Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages. Some microbiologists also classify biologically active entities such as viruses and viroids as microorganisms, but others consider these as non-living. rdf:langString

해양 미생물(marine microorganisms)은 해양환경에 의해서, 즉 바다의 짠물이나 해안 하구의 염분이 섞인 바다의 미생물로 정의된다. 미생물은 배율없이 육안으로 보기에는 너무 작은 미세한 살아있는 유기체 또는 바이러스이다. 미생물은 매우 다양하다. 미생물은 단세포이거나 다세포일 수 있으며 박테리아, 고세균, 바이러스 및 대부분의 원생생물뿐만 아니라 일부 진균류, 조류 및 회전체 및 코페포드와 같은 동물을 포함한다. 많은 거식적 동물과 식물은 어린 시절의 미세한 단계를 갖고 있다. 몇몇 미생물학자들은 바이러스와 바이로이드와 같은 생물학적 활성 개체를 미생물로 분류하지만, 다른 이들은 그것들이 살아있지 않다고 여긴다. 해양 미생물은 바다에서 약 70% 또는 약 90%의 바이오매스(생물량)을 이루는 것으로 다양하게 추정되었다. 함께 취합하면 해양 미생물이 형성된다. rdf:langString

I microrganismi marini sono definiti dal loro habitat come microrganismi che vivono in un ambiente marino, cioè nell'acqua salata di un mare o oceano o nell'acqua salmastra di un estuario costiero. Un microrganismo (o microbo ) è qualsiasi organismo vivente microscopico o virus, che è troppo piccolo per essere visto a occhio nudo senza ingrandimento. I microrganismi sono molto diversi e possono essere unicellulari o multicellulari ed includere batteri, archaea, i virus e la maggior parte dei protozoi, nonché alcuni funghi, alghe e animali, come rotiferi e copepodi. rdf:langString

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rdf:langString Marine microorganisms

rdf:langString Microrganismi marini

rdf:langString 해양 미생물

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rdf:langString Armoured

rdf:langString Bacteria can be beneficial. This Pompeii worm, an extremophile found only at hydrothermal vents, has a protective cover of symbiotic bacteria.

rdf:langString ---- 16px Where Did Eukaryotic Cells Come From? – Journey to the Microcosmos

rdf:langString High volumes of plankton samples can be analysed rapidly

rdf:langString Microbial mats are the earliest form of life on Earth for which there is good fossil evidence. The image shows a cyanobacterial-algal mat.

rdf:langString ...and defensive spines

rdf:langString ...can have more than one nucleus

rdf:langString ...extinct fossil

rdf:langString ...have plates called coccoliths

rdf:langString Pelagibacter ubique, the most common bacterium in the ocean

rdf:langString Diagram of a typical tailed phage

rdf:langString Haeckel Peridinea

rdf:langString High volumes of plankton samples can also be analysed rapidly with sequencing techniques.

rdf:langString Black smoker in the High Rise portion of the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents.

rdf:langString Naked amoeba, Chaos sp.

rdf:langString The tiny cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is a major contributor to atmospheric oxygen

rdf:langString Shell micrographs

rdf:langString Shell of a spherical radiolarian

rdf:langString Suggested explanation for glowing seas

rdf:langString Testate amoeba, Cyphoderia sp.

rdf:langString Unarmored dinoflagellates Kofoid

rdf:langString Unarmoured

rdf:langString White Phaeocystis algal foam washing up on a beach

rdf:langString cell schematic

rdf:langString micrograph

rdf:langString Stromatolites are formed from microbial mats as microbes slowly move upwards to avoid being smothered by sediment.

rdf:langString using modern imaging techniques.

rdf:langString Marinomonas arctica, a bacterium which grows inside Arctic sea ice at subzero temperatures

rdf:langString NASA image of a large bloom of Nodularia cyanobacteria swirling in the Baltic Sea

rdf:langString A surf wave at night sparkles with blue light due to the presence of a bioluminescent dinoflagellate, such as Lingulodinium polyedrum

rdf:langString Parakaryon myojinensis, a possible transitional form between a prokaryote and a eukaryote

rdf:langString Multiple phages attached to a bacterial cell wall at 200,000x magnification 330px

rdf:langString Cyanobacteria from a microbial mat. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to release oxygen via photosynthesis

rdf:langString Acantharian radiolarian hosts Phaeocystis symbionts

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rdf:langString Drawings by Haeckel 1904

rdf:langString It would be difficult to consistently separate out these two microbes using images alone. However, if their barcodes are aligned to each other and their bases are coloured to see them more clearly, it becomes easy to see which bases are different between these two microbes. In this manner, millions of different kinds of microbes can be distinguished. thumb|320px|right|

rdf:langString Amoeba can be shelled or naked

rdf:langString Phage injecting its genome into bacteria

rdf:langString Diatoms have a silica shell with radial or bilateral symmetry

rdf:langString closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns

rdf:langString Foraminiferans are important unicellular zooplankton [[#Marine protists

rdf:langString Computer simulations of Turing patterns on a sphere

rdf:langString Traditionally dinoflagellates have been presented as armoured or unarmoured

rdf:langString Choanoflagellates, unicellular "collared" flagellate protists, are thought to be the closest living relatives of the animals.

rdf:langString Coccolithophores build calcite skeletons important to the marine carbon cycle

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rdf:langString Bacteriophages

rdf:langString Cyanobacteria

rdf:langString Diatoms

rdf:langString Dinoflagellates

rdf:langString Foraminiferan shapes

rdf:langString Foraminiferans

rdf:langString Barcoding

rdf:langString Coccolithophores

rdf:langString Ciliate shapes

rdf:langString Diatom shapes

rdf:langString Dinoflagellate shapes

rdf:langString Mixotrophic radiolarians

rdf:langString Radiolarian shapes

rdf:langString Shelled and naked amoeba

rdf:langString Turing and radiolarian morphology

rdf:langString microbial mats

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rdf:langString Foram-globigerina hg.jpg

rdf:langString G bulloides Brady 1884.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Thalamophora 12.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Thalamphora.jpg

rdf:langString Alvinella pompejana01.jpg

rdf:langString Centric diatom .jpg

rdf:langString Chaos carolinense.jpg

rdf:langString Codosiga.jpg

rdf:langString Cronoflagelado2.svg

rdf:langString Cyanobacteria guerrero negro.jpg

rdf:langString Cyanobacterial-algal mat.jpg

rdf:langString Cyphoderia ampulla - Testate amoeba - 160x .jpg

rdf:langString Dinoflagellate lumincescence 2.jpg

rdf:langString Discoaster surculus 01.jpg

rdf:langString Ecomare - schuimalg strand .jpg

rdf:langString Gymnodinium agile sp.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Ciliata.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Diatomea 4.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Diatomea.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Peridinea.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Phaeodaria 1.jpg

rdf:langString Haeckel Stephoidea edit.jpg

rdf:langString High Rise black smoker.jpg

rdf:langString High throughput imaging of plankton samples.png

rdf:langString High throughput sequencing of plankton samples.png

rdf:langString Kofoid swezy plate 3.jpg

rdf:langString Marinomonas arctica.jpg

rdf:langString Nodularia bloom.jpg

rdf:langString Parakaryon myojinensis drawing.svg

rdf:langString Pelagibacter 2.jpg

rdf:langString Pennate diatoms .jpg

rdf:langString Peridinium digitale.jpg

rdf:langString Phage.jpg

rdf:langString Prochlorococcus marinus .jpg

rdf:langString Radiolarians - Actinomma sol .jpg

rdf:langString Spherical radiolarian.jpg

rdf:langString Stromatolites in Sharkbay.jpg

rdf:langString Tailed phage.png

rdf:langString Potential Mechanism for Dazzling Blue Flashes of Light in Oceans Identified .jpg

rdf:langString Phaeocystis symbionts within an acantharian host.png

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rdf:langString While recent technological developments and scientific discoveries have been substantial, we still lack a major understanding at all levels of the basic ecological questions in relation to the microorganisms in our seas and oceans. These fundamental questions are:

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rdf:langString – European Science Foundation, 2012

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rdf:langString Scientists' warning to humanity

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rdf:langString How to Identify Microbes – Meet the Microcosmos

rdf:langString Microbes don't actually look like anything – Meet the Microcosmos

rdf:langString Differential interference contrast (DIC) – Meet the Microcosmos

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rdf:langString Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse. They can be single-celled or multicellular and include bacteria, archaea, viruses and most protozoa, as well as some fungi, algae, and animals, such as rotifers and copepods. Many macroscopic animals and plants have microscopic juvenile stages. Some microbiologists also classify biologically active entities such as viruses and viroids as microorganisms, but others consider these as non-living. Marine microorganisms have been variously estimated to make up about 70%, or about 90%, of the biomass in the ocean. Taken together they form the marine microbiome. Over billions of years this microbiome has evolved many life styles and adaptations and come to participate in the global cycling of almost all chemical elements. Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in ecosystems as they act as decomposers. They are also responsible for nearly all photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean, as well as the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and trace elements. Marine microorganisms sequester large amounts of carbon and produce much of the world's oxygen. A small proportion of marine microorganisms are pathogenic, causing disease and even death in marine plants and animals. However marine microorganisms recycle the major chemical elements, both producing and consuming about half of all organic matter generated on the planet every year. As inhabitants of the largest environment on Earth, microbial marine systems drive changes in every global system. In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on the planet, including the marine microorganisms. Despite its diversity, microscopic life in the oceans is still poorly understood. For example, the role of viruses in marine ecosystems has barely been explored even in the beginning of the 21st century.

rdf:langString 해양 미생물(marine microorganisms)은 해양환경에 의해서, 즉 바다의 짠물이나 해안 하구의 염분이 섞인 바다의 미생물로 정의된다. 미생물은 배율없이 육안으로 보기에는 너무 작은 미세한 살아있는 유기체 또는 바이러스이다. 미생물은 매우 다양하다. 미생물은 단세포이거나 다세포일 수 있으며 박테리아, 고세균, 바이러스 및 대부분의 원생생물뿐만 아니라 일부 진균류, 조류 및 회전체 및 코페포드와 같은 동물을 포함한다. 많은 거식적 동물과 식물은 어린 시절의 미세한 단계를 갖고 있다. 몇몇 미생물학자들은 바이러스와 바이로이드와 같은 생물학적 활성 개체를 미생물로 분류하지만, 다른 이들은 그것들이 살아있지 않다고 여긴다. 해양 미생물은 바다에서 약 70% 또는 약 90%의 바이오매스(생물량)을 이루는 것으로 다양하게 추정되었다. 함께 취합하면 해양 미생물이 형성된다. 수십억 년에 걸쳐서 이 미생물은 많은 생활 양식과 적응을 진화시켜왔으며 거의 모든 화학원소들의 세계주기에 참여하게 되었다. 미생물은 그들이 분해제로써 활동하기 때문에 생태계에서 영양 재활용에 중요하다. 그들이 또한 거의 바다에서 일어나는 모든 광합성뿐만 아니라 탄소, 질소, 인과 기타 영양소와 미량 원소의 주기를 담당한다. 해양 미생물은 많은 양의 탄소를 격리하고 세계의 산소의 대부분을 생산한다. 해양 미생물의 작은 부분은 질병과 심지어 해양 식물과 동물의 죽음을 야기시키는 병원성이지만, 해양 미생물은 매년 식물에 사용되는 모든 유기물의 절반을 생성하고 소비하면서 주요 화학원소를 재활용한다. 지구의 가장 큰 환경의 거주자로서, 해양의 미생물 시스템은 모든 세계적 시스템에서 변화를 주도한다. 2016년 7월, 과학자들은 지구에서 해양 미생물을 포함한 모든 생명체의 마지막 보편적 공통 조상으로부터 355개의 유전자 세트를 확인했다고 보고했다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 바다의 미생물은 알려지지 않은 것이 많다. 예를 들어, 해양 생태계에서의 바이러스의 역할은 21세기 초에도 거의 밝혀지지 않았다.

rdf:langString I microrganismi marini sono definiti dal loro habitat come microrganismi che vivono in un ambiente marino, cioè nell'acqua salata di un mare o oceano o nell'acqua salmastra di un estuario costiero. Un microrganismo (o microbo ) è qualsiasi organismo vivente microscopico o virus, che è troppo piccolo per essere visto a occhio nudo senza ingrandimento. I microrganismi sono molto diversi e possono essere unicellulari o multicellulari ed includere batteri, archaea, i virus e la maggior parte dei protozoi, nonché alcuni funghi, alghe e animali, come rotiferi e copepodi. Molti animali e piante macroscopici hanno stadi giovanili microscopici. Alcuni microbiologi classificano anche entità biologicamente attive come virus e viroidi come microrganismi, ma altri le considerano non viventi. I microrganismi marini sono stati variamente stimati per costituire circa il 70%, o anche il 90%, della biomassa nell'oceano . Presi insieme formano il microbioma marino . Nel corso di miliardi di anni questo microbioma ha evoluto molti stili di vita e adattamenti ed è arrivato a partecipare al ciclo globale di quasi tutti gli elementi chimici. I microrganismi sono fondamentali per il riciclaggio dei nutrienti negli ecosistemi poiché agiscono come . Sono anche responsabili di quasi tutta la fotosintesi che si verifica nell'oceano, nonché del ciclo di carbonio, azoto, fosforo e altri nutrienti e oligoelementi. Infatti, i microrganismi marini sequestrano grandi quantità di carbonio e producono gran parte dell'ossigeno mondiale. Una piccola percentuale di microrganismi marini è patogeno, causando malattie e persino la morte nelle piante e negli animali marini. Tuttavia, i microrganismi marini i principali elementi chimici, producendo e consumando circa la metà di tutta la materia organica generata sul pianeta ogni anno. In quanto abitanti del più vasto ambiente della Terra, i sistemi microbici marini guidano i cambiamenti in ogni sistema globale. Nel luglio 2016, scienziati hanno riferito di aver identificato una serie di 355 geni dell'ultimo antenato comune universale (LUCA) di tutta la vita sul pianeta, compresi i microrganismi marini. Nonostante la sua diversità, la vita microscopica negli oceani è ancora poco conosciuta. Un esempio è il ruolo dei virus negli ecosistemi marini, ruolo che è stato a malapena esplorato anche all'inizio del XXI secolo

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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deep_biosphere>

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sea_ice_microbial_communities>

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Seabed>

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mixotrophic_dinoflagellate>

<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bacterioplankton>