List of national instruments (music)
http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_national_instruments_(music)
This list contains musical instruments of symbolic or cultural importance within a nation, state, ethnicity, tribe or other group of people. In some cases, national instruments remain in wide use within the nation (such as the Puerto Rican cuatro), but in others, their importance is primarily symbolic (such as the Welsh triple harp). Danish ethnologist Lisbet Torp has concluded that some national instrument traditions, such as the Finnish kantele, are invented, pointing to the "influence of intellectuals and nationalists in the nationwide promotion of selected musical instruments as a vehicle for nationalistic ideas". Governments do not generally officially recognize national instruments; some exceptions being the Paraguayan harp, the Japanese koto and the Trinidadian steelpan.
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List of national instruments (music)
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spoons
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Bock
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marimba
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lyra
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gaita
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pipa
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charango
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cuatro
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oud
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tres
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cajón
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gayageum
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English concertina
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Hardingfele
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Irish Harp
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Kudyapi
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Northumbrian smallpipes
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koto
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balaban
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Great Irish Warpipes Píob Mhór
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Tiple Colombiano
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Uilleann Pipes Píobaí Uilleann, Union Pipes
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abeng
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angklung
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aulos
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balalaika
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balo
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bandoneón
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bandura
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berimbau
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birbyne
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cetera
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cimbalom
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crwth
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darbuka
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doira
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dombra
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dotara
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dranyen
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drejelire
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duduk
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dutar
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endongo
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frula
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fujara
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gaida
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gajda
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goura
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guqin
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gusle
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gusli
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guzheng
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gyil
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igil
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kanklė
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kantele
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karnay
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khene
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khomus
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kinnor
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kokles
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komuz
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kurai
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langeleik
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lesiba
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madal
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mbira
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morin khuur
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nyatiti
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nyckelharpa
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pandeiro
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pin pia
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rondador
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rubab
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sanshin
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saraswati veena
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saung-gauk
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saz
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shofar
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suroz
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talharpa
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tambin
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tamburica and Lijerica
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tar
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tibiae
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valiha
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waldzither
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yangqin
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đàn bầu
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14738743
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1124220317
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Lanna
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Swedish Estonia
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Balochs
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Maroons of Jamaica
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Baganda peoples of Uganda
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Dagara peoples of Ghana
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Finland, especially Swedish-speaking Finns
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Lobi peoples of Ghana
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Mandinka of West Africa
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Ryukyus of Japan
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Stringed instrument
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Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick
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Single stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with the string attached to a coconut shell resonator and with a tension noose wrapped around the string to adjust the pitch
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Small stringed instrument, with plucked metal strings, elongated belly as soundboard and narrow neck ending in a pegbox, decorated with carvings of animals and covered with skin
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Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole
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Highly variant double-shawm with a cylindrical bore
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Semitonically fretted lute with a long, cylindrical shape, resting on two gourds
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Four stringed instrument, bowed, hourglass-shape and an arched top and back
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Half-tube zither, rectangular with three sound holes on the bottom, now with twenty-one strings most typically, pentatonic tuning, strings are plucked by hand
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Mouth organ with bamboo tubes, attached in pairs to the mouthpiece, and with fixed free reeds
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Plucked lamellophone, consisting of staggered keys attached to a board, with a halved calabash gourd as resonator
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Double-headed cylindrical drum, slightly bulging at the waist, held horizontally and played double-handed
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A plucked seven-string zither with open strings and a range of about four octaves
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Aerophone made from the end of a cow horn with the tip broken off on the side, which is blown into
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Handheld frame drum with metal jingles attached, tuned through adjusting the tension of the head, can also be shaken or rasped
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Double-reed pipe with wide reeds made from pieces of cane in a duckbill-type assembly, generally diatonic and with a single octave range
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Wooden box with a hole in one side, derived from containers used to transport agricultural products by portworkers
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String instrument derived from the Portuguese braguinha, from the Hawaiian uku lele, jumping flea, referring to the swift fingerwork the instrument requires
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Bowl lyre made of lizardskin with strings tied to a piece of wood inserted into two holes on two arms
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Accordion, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow
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Fretted six-stringed instrument with a soundboard and a hollow body, originally with steel strings, but now more commonly with nylon
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Bellows-blown bagpipes from North East England consisting of a single chanter and usually four drones.
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Six-stringed instrument with a flat fingerboard, fretless
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Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell
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Chest-resonated stick zither with two to five strings
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Bowed keyed fiddle
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Bowed lyre with no fingerboard
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Chromatic hammered dulcimer with four legs
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Diatonic, lute-like string instrument
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Double-reed shawm, played paired
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Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body, derived from the Spanish tiple and other stringed instruments, made from carved wood with strings of leather strips or dried animal gut
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End-blown wooden flute with six fingerholes
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Endblown long bass diatonic fipple flute
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Family of triangle-shaped lute-type instruments
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Four-stringed instrument, bowed
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Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body
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Diatonic harp with 32, 36, 38 or 40 strings, made from tropical wood and with songs in the Guarani language, with an exaggerated neck-arch, played with the fingernail
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Goblet-shaped hand drum
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Long and hollow thirteen-stringed instrument
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Long brass trumpet with a mouthpiece
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Long open endblown flute with five fingerholes
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Ornately decorated fiddle with four main strings and four resonating strings beneath them, which are not touched by the bow
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Polychord wire-strung harp with a fore-pillar
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Pump blown Bagpipe
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Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and with four strings
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Single-stringed musical bow
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Small fiddle
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Set of wooden pieces, mounted on gourds, in a frame and played using two rubber-tipped mallets, held in hands with iron cylinders and rings attached to add a jingling sound
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Tubular zither
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Button accordion with a box shape, played with both hands using buttons that produce two sets of notes per hand
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harp, plucked with both hands, made of wood and goat or antelope skin
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Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators
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Arched harp with sixteen strings, attached to the harp with red cotton tassels
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Painted wooden teaspoons, used as a percussion instrument
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Stringed instrument with a soundbox, with strings stretched across it, originally with four melody strings and no more than fifteen accompaniment strings
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Open harp, used in widely varying forms, though originally semi-circular and with five to seven strings, number of strings increased over time, while the size decreased
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A small free reed instrument, usually hexagonal in shape. The instrument is played by moving bellows between the hands to blow air over reeds, each note being sounded by a button.
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Horn, flattened by heat and hollowed, used for more religious than purely secular purposes, made from the horn of an animal, most typically a ram or kudu
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Set of cylindrical shawm-like instruments, with an air reservoir like a bagpipe
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Straight trumpet without fingerholes, traditionally made from a trunk or thick branch of a tree, sometimes with a rim of beeswax around the blowing end, requires circular breathing
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Keyed calabash gourds with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame
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Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg
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Flute, made from a single piece of bamboo, with three holes to blow into from the nostrils, with fingerholes
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zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings.
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Fretted string instrument of the zither family, typically with three or four strings, originally played in the Appalachian region of the United States. The body extends the length of the fingerboard, and its fretting is generally diatonic.
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Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings
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Three-stringed fretted, pear-shaped instrument with a hollow body and a vaulted back, propped up on the knee
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Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back
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Zither-like instrument with between eleven and thirty-six strings, tuned diatonically
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Garmon, bellow-driven free reed with keys or buttons to modify the air flow
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Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum
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Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale
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Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings
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In modern times this instrument is essentially identical to the Great Highland Bagpipe
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Stringed instrument, blown rather than plucked or strummed, with a single string and tuning noose attached both to a bow and a feather quill, with a frame made from a coconut shell
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Two bamboo tubes, closed at one end and with tongues, attached to a square frame, played by shaking from side to side, causing the tongues to vibrate
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Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood
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Harp with no blades or levers, with three rows of strings, the outer two tuned in a diatonic scale and the inner one tuned to the extra semitones of the chromatic scale
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Set of chorded bamboo panpipes that produces two tones simultaneously, consisting of pieces of cane, placed side by side in order by size and closed at one end, played by blowing across the top of the instrument
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Stringed instrument, strummed with a plectrum, with the free hand silencing unwanted strings, traditionally made from a tortoise shell
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Small guitar-like fretted instrument with twelve strings arranged in four triple-strung courses.
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Bagpipe with three types of chanters, one a simple reed, open at one end, another a small, conical tube with eight fingerholes, one of which is the flea-hole , and the last is a long, no-holed drone
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Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking
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Xylophone-like instrument with gourd resonators, two sets of overlapping keys, struck with mallets
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Bowed string instrument with a long neck, similar to a fiddle or sarangi and played vertically
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Diatonic bagpipe with a conical chanter and at least one bass drone, used to accompany both spiritual and secular, as well as lyric and dance music, usually accompanied by a drum
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Aerophone, can be single- or double-reed, with or without a mouthpiece
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Barrel-shaped percussion instruments, tuned chromatically, originally made from discarded 55 gallon drums
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Biblically described historic instrument, probably a cithara; in modern Hebrew, refers to the violin
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Guitar-like lute with four strings, usually strummed
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Diagonal diatonic flute without a bell, made from a conical vine, with three finger-holes and a rectangular embouchere with two wings on either side
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Cittern with nine steel strings; tuned C, G G, C C, E E, G G; famous for allegedly been played by Martin Luther at the Wartburg
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Stringed instrument with a deep soundbox made of two tables, connected by ribs, with strings attached to a tuning bar, played with a plectrum
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Large fiddle with a wooden sound box and two strings attached to tuning pegs in the neck
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The musical instrument, which has 6 wires and is the main instrument in traditional Iranian music, is produced by Mazzrab.
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U-shaped frame drum with small rings that make sound when shaken
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Zither–harp, traditionally with five strings, now with up to thirty, held in the lap
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Guitar-like instrument with a neck and three courses of two strings each
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Plucked string instrument with two strings and a long neck, strummed or plucked
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Jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked
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Two-stringed instrument, held between the legs, with a trapezoidal body and a horse's head typically carved on the upper edge of the pegbox
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Xylophone-like calabash gourd with holes covered in spider silk, wooden frame, struck with a hammer
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The lesiba, and gora or goura, are members of a class of "unbraced mouth-resonated bow[s]" with a flattened quill attached to a long string, stretched over a hard stick, acting as the main source of vibration
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Membrane-topped four or five string fretted instrument, plucked or strummed with fingers or a plectrum. Probably African American in origin.
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Long wooden conical trumpet, bent at the end, with turned boxwood mouthpieces, traditionally used by herdsmen
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Hammered dulcimer, with a trapezoidal sounding board and traditionally bronze strings, struck with rubber-tipped bamboo hammers
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Rectangular zither with five or six strings, one melody string and several drone strings
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Xylophone-like instrument with wooden square tubes resonators, struck with mallets, with a two level keyboard so it can play the full chromatic scale
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Bagpipe with a chanter, blowpipe, two tenor drones and a bass drone
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Hurdy-gurdy that uses a rosined wheel to create sound
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Three stringed banjo-like instrument, covered with snakeskin
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It is a Pakistani version of frame drum musical instrument
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String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum
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Fretted stringed instrument with a hollow body and a soundboard
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Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings
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Use of goatskins in constructing the bag, similar to the common use of other goat-terms for bagpipes in other nations
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rondalla plucked chordophone with 14 strings tuned F# B E A D G.
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jaw harp, made from a reed attached to a frame, plucked
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Diatonic harp, with an exaggerated neck arch, similar to the Paraguayan harp
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Round, flat drum with shakers made of metal inside and a horse-skin head
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Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings
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A musical instrument of the cittern family, common in Corsica.
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Fretted stringed instrument, long-necked with a flat soundboard and back, and incurved sides
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Hardanger fiddle
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dafli, dap, def, tef, defi, gaval, duf, duff, dof
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David's harp
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Horse-head fiddle
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Bockpfeife
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German lute, also applied to the lute guitar
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Surle
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Volkszither
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balafon, bala, balafo, bala, balaphone, balaphon, balaphong, balphone, balangi, balani, gyil
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auloi
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aulos
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bağlama, kopuz
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ceterina, cetara
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charanga
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charanga, chillador
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daduk
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debakeh
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dranyen, dramnyen
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gaita de fole, gaita gallega
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horse-head fiddle, igil
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kannel
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kayagum, kayago
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khaen
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kūkles
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qin
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rabab
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rattle stick
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saung, Burmese harp
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sereendu, fulannu
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svirala, jedinka
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tamburitza
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telyn
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thumb piano
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vina
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violão
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yang ch'in, yang qin
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zheng, gu-zheng
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didjeridu, yidaki, yiraki, magu, kanbi, ihambilbilg
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czimbalom, cymbalom, cymbalum, ţambal, tsymbaly, tsimbl, santouri, santur
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dulcimer, mountain dulcimer, lap dulcimer, fretted dulcimer, dulcimore, et al.
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This list contains musical instruments of symbolic or cultural importance within a nation, state, ethnicity, tribe or other group of people. In some cases, national instruments remain in wide use within the nation (such as the Puerto Rican cuatro), but in others, their importance is primarily symbolic (such as the Welsh triple harp). Danish ethnologist Lisbet Torp has concluded that some national instrument traditions, such as the Finnish kantele, are invented, pointing to the "influence of intellectuals and nationalists in the nationwide promotion of selected musical instruments as a vehicle for nationalistic ideas". Governments do not generally officially recognize national instruments; some exceptions being the Paraguayan harp, the Japanese koto and the Trinidadian steelpan. This list compiles instruments that have been alleged to be a national instrument by any of a variety of sources, and an instrument's presence on the list does not indicate that its status as a national instrument is indisputable, only that its status has been credibly argued. Each instrument on this list has a Hornbostel-Sachs number immediately below it. This number indicates the instrument's classification within the Hornbostel-Sachs system (H-S), which organizes instruments numerically based on the manner in which they produce sound. Images and recordings are supplied where available; note that there are often variations within a national musical tradition, and thus the images and recordings may not be accurate in depicting the entire spectrum of the given nation's music, and that some images and recordings may be taken from a region outside the core of the national instrument's home when such distinctions have little relevance to the information present in the image and recordings. A number of countries have more than one instrument listed, each having been described as a national instrument, not usually by the same source; neither the presence of multiple entries for one nation, nor for multiple nations for one instrument, on this list is reflective of active dispute in any instance. Alternative names and spellings are given. These mostly come from alternative spellings within English or alternative methods of transliterating from a foreign language to English, such as the Chinese yangqin, also transliterated yang ch'in and yang qin. Others reflect regions or subcultures within a given nation, such as the Australian didgeridoo which is or has been called didjeridu, yidaki, yiraki, magu, kanbi and ihambilbilg in various Australian Aboriginal languages. All non-English words are italicized.
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