History of astrology
http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_astrology an entity of type: Thing
L'histoire de l'astrologie (occidentale) est un fait civilisationnel lié à l'histoire sociale et culturelle de l'humanité. Ainsi, les noms des jours de la semaine proviennent des noms latins des planètes. De même, la fête de Pâques, située le premier dimanche suivant la première pleine Lune après l'équinoxe de mars, est déterminée astralement. On verra ici que le corpus de la doctrine astrologique s'est formé à partir d'emprunts divers, voire disparates, de rajouts et modifications successifs datant d'époques différentes. La marche de l'histoire de l'astrologie (occidentale) est saccadée.
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천체의 관찰과 지상의 사건 사이의 관련성에 대한 점성술(占星術, astrology)의 신앙은 세계관과 언어 그리고 사회적 문화의 많은 요소를 포함하는 인간 역사의 여러 국면에 영향을 주어오고 있다. 인도유럽어 민족에서, 점성술은 신과의 소통하는 신호로써 계절적 변화를 예언하고 천체의 주기를 해석하는데 사용된 체계에 뿌리를 두고 기원전 삼천년을 거슬러 올라간다. 17세기까지, 정성술은 학문의 전통으로 여겨졌고 천문학의 발전에 도움이 되었다. 이것은 일반적으로 정치적인 그리고 문화적인 주기에 적용되었고, 그것의 개념들 중 일부는 연금술, 기상학, 의학과 같은 다른 전통 학문들에 사용되었다. 17세기 말경, 태양중심설과 같은 새로운 과학적 개념들이 돌이킬 수 없이 점성술의 이론적 토대를 침식하여, 그후 점성술은 학문적 입지를 상실했다. 20세기 점성술은 신문의 천궁도(天宮圖, horoscope)와 같은 일상적 대중매체 속 산물의 영향력을 통하여 폭넓은 소비자들에게 인기를 얻었다.
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A astrologia aparece, sob alguma forma, em todas as culturas.
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التنجيم أو مايعرف بعلم التنجيم هو مجموعة من التقاليد، والاعتقادات حول الأوضاع النسبية للأجرام السماوية والتفاصيل التي يمكن أن توفر معلومات عن الشخصية، والشؤون الإنسانية، وغيرها من الأمور الدنيوية. ويسمى من يعمل في علم التنجيم بالمنجم ويعتبر العلماء التنجيم من العلوم الزائفة أو الخرافات.
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Die Geschichte der westlichen Astrologie lässt sich in ihren Ursprüngen bis in die vorchristliche Zeit in Babylonien bzw. Mesopotamien und Ägypten zurückverfolgen. Ihre in Grundzügen noch heute erkennbaren Deutungs- und Berechnungsgrundlagen erfuhr die Astrologie im hellenistisch geprägten griechisch-ägyptischen Alexandria. Aus ihr ging die Astronomie als deutungsfreie Beobachtung und mathematische Erfassung des Sternenhimmels hervor, und sie blieb lange Zeit als Hilfswissenschaft mit ihr verbunden.
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Las creencias astrológicas en las correspondencias entre la observación del cielo y los eventos terrestres han influido en numerosos aspectos de la historia humana, incluyendo su cosmovisión, el lenguaje y muchos elementos de . En el siglo XX, la astrología adquirió mayor popularidad entre los consumidores gracias a la influencia de productos derivados de medios de comunicación, como los horóscopos en los periódicos.
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Astrological beliefs in correspondences between celestial observations and terrestrial events have influenced various aspects of human history, including world-views, language and many elements of social culture. In the 20th century, astrology gained broader consumer popularity through the influence of regular mass media products, such as newspaper horoscopes.
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Sejarah astrologi mengkaji perkembangan astrologi dari masa ke masa dalam berbagai kebudayaan di berbagai belahan dunia. Astrologi merupakan suatu jenis kegiatan ramal-meramal terhadap bumi dan manusia berdasarkan berbagai pengamatan serta intrepertasi dari benda-benda langit seperti bintang dan konstelasinya, Matahari, Bulan, dan planet-planet. Penggiat astrologi mempercayai bahwa dengan memahami pengaruh planet-planet dan berbagai bintang terhadap peristiwa yang terjadi di Bumi mereka dapat memperkirakan dan mempengaruhi takdir atau jalan hidup dari suatu individu, kelompok, bahkan negara. Meskipun dalam kajian sejarah astrologi dulunya sempat dianggap sebagai bagian dari sains, saat ini praktik-praktik astrologi dinilai sama sekali bertentangan terhadap kaidah-kaidah ilmiah keilmuan mod
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History of astrology
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تاريخ التنجيم
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Geschichte der westlichen Astrologie
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Historia de la astrología
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Histoire de l'astrologie
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Sejarah astrologi
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Storia dell'astrologia
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점성술의 역사
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História da astrologia
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Abū Maʿshar
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Abū Maʿshar
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Wāsiṭ, Iraq
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Holden, James Herschel, 1996. A History of Horoscopic Astrology. AFA. .
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Koch-Westenholz, Ulla, 1995. Mesopotamian astrology. Volume 19 of CNI publications. Museum Tusculanum Press. .
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Parker, Derek and Julia, 1983. A history of astrology. Deutsch. .
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Pingree, David Edwin, 1997. From astral omens to astrology: from Babylon to Bīnāker. Istituto italiano per l'Africa et l'Oriente .
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Maternus, Julius Firmicus, 4th century. Matheseos libri VIII . Translated by Jean Rhys Bram in Ancient astrology theory and practice, Noyes Press, 1975. Reprinted by Astrology Center of America, 2005. .
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Barton, Tamsyn, 1994. Ancient Astrology. Routledge. .
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Robbins, Frank E. 1940. Ptolemy Tetrabiblos. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press .
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Kelley, David, H. and Milone, E.F., 2005. Exploring ancient skies: an encyclopedic survey of archaeoastronomy. Heidelberg / New York: Springer. .
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Roberts, Reverend Alexander 1906. The Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to AD 325, Volume II - Fathers of the Second Century - Hermas, Tatian, Theophilus, Athenagoras, Clement of Alexandria. W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Republished: Cosimo, Inc., 2007. ).
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Marshack, Alexander, 1972. The roots of civilisation: the cognitive beginnings of man's first art, symbol and notation. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. .
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Saliba, George, 1994. A History of Arabic astronomy: planetary theories during the Golden Age of Islam. New York University Press. .
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Rochberg, Francesca, 1998. Babylonian Horoscopes. American Philosophical Society. .
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Neugebauer, Otto, 1969 The Exact Sciences in Antiquity. New York: Dover. .
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Crane, Joseph, 2012. Between Fortune and Providence: Astrology and the Universe in Dante's Divine Comedy. Wessex. .
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Campion, Nicholas, 2008. A History of Western Astrology, Vol. 1, The Ancient World
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Hesiod . Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, Hugh G., 1914. Loeb classical library; revised edition. Cambridge: Harvard Press, 1964. .
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Belo, Catarina, 2007. Chance and determinism in Avicenna and Averroës. London: Brill. .
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Houlding, Deborah, 2010. Essays on the history of western astrology. Nottingham: STA.
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A Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus , Venice, 1515.
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Al-Sijzi, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon, Pierre d'Ailly, Pico della Mirandola.
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Astrology
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التنجيم أو مايعرف بعلم التنجيم هو مجموعة من التقاليد، والاعتقادات حول الأوضاع النسبية للأجرام السماوية والتفاصيل التي يمكن أن توفر معلومات عن الشخصية، والشؤون الإنسانية، وغيرها من الأمور الدنيوية. ويسمى من يعمل في علم التنجيم بالمنجم ويعتبر العلماء التنجيم من العلوم الزائفة أو الخرافات. علم التنجيم (Astrology) مركب من كلمتين، أوسترو: الكواكب أو النجوم، ولوجي: علم. وبحسب هذا العلم الزائف، هنالك علاقة بين حالة الأجرام السماوية وبين أعمال وصفات البشر. وتحديدًا، يحاول علم التنجيم أن يتكهّن بالمستقبل بحسب أماكن الأجرام السماوية. والأجرام السماوية الرئيسية التي يستخدمها علم التنجيم هي: الشمس، القمر، الكواكب السيارة في المجموعة الشمسية، خط الأفق والنقطة الأعلى في السماء.ويهدف علم التنجيم إلى توضيح القوانين التي تنظم الكون، وتأثيرها على صفات الإنسان واستشراف مستقبله، بناء على حالة النجوم التي تتشكّل في السماء في يوم، مكان وساعة ولادة الإنسان.
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Die Geschichte der westlichen Astrologie lässt sich in ihren Ursprüngen bis in die vorchristliche Zeit in Babylonien bzw. Mesopotamien und Ägypten zurückverfolgen. Ihre in Grundzügen noch heute erkennbaren Deutungs- und Berechnungsgrundlagen erfuhr die Astrologie im hellenistisch geprägten griechisch-ägyptischen Alexandria. Aus ihr ging die Astronomie als deutungsfreie Beobachtung und mathematische Erfassung des Sternenhimmels hervor, und sie blieb lange Zeit als Hilfswissenschaft mit ihr verbunden. In Europa hatte die Astrologie eine wechselvolle Geschichte. Nach der Erhebung des Christentums zur Staatsreligion im Römischen Reich wurde sie teils bekämpft, teils ans Christentum angepasst und zeitweilig auch ins Abseits gedrängt. Im Laufe des Frühmittelalters lebte die Astrologie, vor allem die gelehrte Astronomie-Astrologie, im Byzantinischen Reich etwa ab dem späten 8. Jh. erneut auf, wie etwas später auch im muslimischen Al-Andalus auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Vom späteren Hochmittelalter an und vor allem in der Renaissance bis ins 17. Jahrhundert galt sie in Europa, immer verbunden mit der Astronomie im Quadrivium der vorbereitend an den Universitäten gelehrten Sieben Freie Künste, vielfach als eine Wissenschaft, wenn auch als durchaus umstrittene. Im Zuge der Aufklärung verlor sie jedoch in gebildeten Kreisen ihre Plausibilität. Erst um 1900 entstand wieder ein ernsthaftes Interesse an der Astrologie, häufig auch im Fahrwasser neuer esoterischer Strömungen wie der Theosophie oder der Okkultismus-Mode ab dem späteren 19. Jh., als typischer wie erfolgreicher Vertreter dieser Phase kann im deutschsprachigen Raum Karl Brandler-Pracht gelten. Seit den späten 1960er Jahren, ausgehend von der New-Age-Bewegung, hat sie in der westlichen Hemisphäre meist in Form der Geburtshoroskopie und Sonnenstands-Astrologie ein hohes Maß an Popularität erlangt.
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Astrological beliefs in correspondences between celestial observations and terrestrial events have influenced various aspects of human history, including world-views, language and many elements of social culture. Among West Eurasian peoples, the earliest evidence for astrology dates from the 3rd millennium BC, with roots in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Until the 17th century, astrology was considered a scholarly tradition, and it helped drive the development of astronomy. It was commonly accepted in political and cultural circles, and some of its concepts were used in other traditional studies, such as alchemy, meteorology and medicine. By the end of the 17th century, emerging scientific concepts in astronomy, such as heliocentrism, undermined the theoretical basis of astrology, which subsequently lost its academic standing and became regarded as a pseudoscience. Empirical scientific investigation has shown that predictions based on these systems are not accurate. In the 20th century, astrology gained broader consumer popularity through the influence of regular mass media products, such as newspaper horoscopes. Astrology, in its broadest sense, is the search for human meaning in the sky; it seeks to understand general and specific human behavior through the influence of planets and other celestial objects. It has been argued that astrology began as a study as soon as human beings made conscious attempts to measure, record, and predict seasonal changes by reference to astronomical cycles. Early evidence of such practices appears as markings on bones and cave walls, which show that lunar cycles were being noted as early as 25,000 years ago; the first step towards recording the Moon's influence upon tides and rivers, and towards organizing a communal calendar. With the Neolithic agricultural revolution new needs were also met by increasing knowledge of constellations, whose appearances in the night-time sky change with the seasons, allowing the rising of particular star-groups to herald annual floods or seasonal activities. By the 3rd millennium BC, widespread civilisations had developed sophisticated awareness of celestial cycles, and are believed to have consciously oriented their temples to create alignment with the heliacal risings of the stars. There is scattered evidence to suggest that the oldest known astrological references are copies of texts made during this period, particularly in Mesopotamia (Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia). Two, from the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (compiled in Babylon round 1700 BC) are reported to have been made during the reign of king Sargon of Akkad (2334–2279 BC). Another, showing an early use of electional astrology, is ascribed to the reign of the Sumerian ruler Gudea of Lagash (c. 2144–2124 BC). This describes how the gods revealed to him in a dream the constellations that would be most favourable for the planned construction of a temple. However, controversy attends the question of whether they were genuinely recorded at the time or merely ascribed to ancient rulers by posterity. The oldest undisputed evidence of the use of astrology as an integrated system of knowledge is therefore attributed to the records that emerge from the first dynasty of Mesopotamia (1950–1651 BC).
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Las creencias astrológicas en las correspondencias entre la observación del cielo y los eventos terrestres han influido en numerosos aspectos de la historia humana, incluyendo su cosmovisión, el lenguaje y muchos elementos de . Entre los pueblos indoeuropeos, el nacimiento de la astrología se ha fechado en torno al II milenio a. C., a raíz de los empleados para predecir los cambios estacionales y para interpretar los ciclos celestes como símbolo de comunicaciones divinas. Hasta el siglo XVII se consideró a la astrología una tradición académica, y ayudó al desarrollo de la astronomía. Era comúnmente aceptada en círculos políticos y culturales, y algunos de sus conceptos se empleaban en otras disciplinas tradicionales como la alquimia, la meteorología y la medicina. Hacia finales del siglo XVII, los conceptos científicos emergentes en astronomía, como el heliocentrismo, comenzaron a diezmar irrevocablemente la base teórica de la astrología, que fue perdiendo paulatinamente su carácter académico. En el siglo XX, la astrología adquirió mayor popularidad entre los consumidores gracias a la influencia de productos derivados de medios de comunicación, como los horóscopos en los periódicos.
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L'histoire de l'astrologie (occidentale) est un fait civilisationnel lié à l'histoire sociale et culturelle de l'humanité. Ainsi, les noms des jours de la semaine proviennent des noms latins des planètes. De même, la fête de Pâques, située le premier dimanche suivant la première pleine Lune après l'équinoxe de mars, est déterminée astralement. On verra ici que le corpus de la doctrine astrologique s'est formé à partir d'emprunts divers, voire disparates, de rajouts et modifications successifs datant d'époques différentes. La marche de l'histoire de l'astrologie (occidentale) est saccadée.
rdf:langString
Sejarah astrologi mengkaji perkembangan astrologi dari masa ke masa dalam berbagai kebudayaan di berbagai belahan dunia. Astrologi merupakan suatu jenis kegiatan ramal-meramal terhadap bumi dan manusia berdasarkan berbagai pengamatan serta intrepertasi dari benda-benda langit seperti bintang dan konstelasinya, Matahari, Bulan, dan planet-planet. Penggiat astrologi mempercayai bahwa dengan memahami pengaruh planet-planet dan berbagai bintang terhadap peristiwa yang terjadi di Bumi mereka dapat memperkirakan dan mempengaruhi takdir atau jalan hidup dari suatu individu, kelompok, bahkan negara. Meskipun dalam kajian sejarah astrologi dulunya sempat dianggap sebagai bagian dari sains, saat ini praktik-praktik astrologi dinilai sama sekali bertentangan terhadap kaidah-kaidah ilmiah keilmuan modern. Praktik-praktik astrologi dapat terlacak di berbagai kelompok masyarakat atau kebudayaan dalam berbagai periode waktu. Astrologi memiliki asal-usul sejak zaman prasejarah dan terus berkembang hingga ke zaman modern, yang mana bisa dimengerti melalui kajian etnoastronomi–astronomi yang dipraktikan dalam masyarakat. Dalam kebudayaan Barat, yang mana astrologi disini berasal dari peradaban Mesopotamia dan kemudian berkembang pada peradaban Yunani Kuno, telah mengalami berbagai pengkajian oleh peneliti-peneliti terkait. Namun, terdapat pula tradisi astrologi yang berkembang pada kebudayaan masyarakat India yang tetap bertahan selama 2.000 tahun. Selain itu, sistem astrologi yang cukup kompleks juga dikembangkan oleh kebudayaan Tiongkok dan Mesoamerika, ketika saat itu seluruh masyarakat tengah mencari keterkaitan aspek sosial-religius terhadap makna dari benda-benda langit dan pergerakannya
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천체의 관찰과 지상의 사건 사이의 관련성에 대한 점성술(占星術, astrology)의 신앙은 세계관과 언어 그리고 사회적 문화의 많은 요소를 포함하는 인간 역사의 여러 국면에 영향을 주어오고 있다. 인도유럽어 민족에서, 점성술은 신과의 소통하는 신호로써 계절적 변화를 예언하고 천체의 주기를 해석하는데 사용된 체계에 뿌리를 두고 기원전 삼천년을 거슬러 올라간다. 17세기까지, 정성술은 학문의 전통으로 여겨졌고 천문학의 발전에 도움이 되었다. 이것은 일반적으로 정치적인 그리고 문화적인 주기에 적용되었고, 그것의 개념들 중 일부는 연금술, 기상학, 의학과 같은 다른 전통 학문들에 사용되었다. 17세기 말경, 태양중심설과 같은 새로운 과학적 개념들이 돌이킬 수 없이 점성술의 이론적 토대를 침식하여, 그후 점성술은 학문적 입지를 상실했다. 20세기 점성술은 신문의 천궁도(天宮圖, horoscope)와 같은 일상적 대중매체 속 산물의 영향력을 통하여 폭넓은 소비자들에게 인기를 얻었다.
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A astrologia aparece, sob alguma forma, em todas as culturas.
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53960
