High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

rdf:langString High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider

rdf:langString The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC; formerly referred to as HiLumi LHC) is an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider, operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), located at the French-Swiss border near Geneva. From 2011 to 2020, the project was led by Lucio Rossi. In 2020, the lead role was taken up by Oliver Brüning. The upgrade started as a design study in 2010, for which a European Framework Program 7 grant was allocated in 2011, with goal of boosting the accelerator's potential for new discoveries in physics. The design study was approved by the CERN Council in 2016 and HL-LHC became a full-fledged CERN project. The upgrade work is currently in progress and physics experiments are expected to start taking data at the earliest in 2028. The HL-LHC project will deliver proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 for both ATLAS and CMS experiments, 50 fb−1 for LHCb, and 5 fb−1 for ALICE. In the heavy-ion sector, the integrated luminosities of 13 nb−1 and 50 nb−1 will be delivered for lead-lead and proton-lead collisions, respectively. The inverse femtobarn (fb−1) unit measures the time-integrated luminosity in terms of the number of collisions per femtobarn of the target's cross-section. The increase in the integrated luminosity for the aforementioned major LHC experiments will provide a better chance to see rare processes and improving statistically marginal measurements.