Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars

rdf:langString Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars

rdf:langString Hawkesbury Settlement

rdf:langString right

rdf:langString Governor Arthur Phillip speared during a skirmish at Manly .

rdf:langString Dead: 80 confirmed Wounded: +100

rdf:langString Total Casualties: ~300 Dead: at least 80 confirmed Wounded: bare minimum of 74

rdf:langString Indigenous clans: * Dharug Nation * Eora Nation * Tharawal Nation * Gandangara Nation Irish-convict sympathisers

rdf:langString Kingdom of Great Britain * New South Wales Corps * Burraberongal Tribe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland * New South Wales Corps

rdf:langString John Wilson

rdf:langString John Hunter

rdf:langString William Knight

rdf:langString William Paterson

rdf:langString James Wallis

rdf:langString George III

rdf:langString William Bligh

rdf:langString Lachlan Macquarie

rdf:langString Pemulwuy

rdf:langString Musquito

rdf:langString Obediah Ikins

rdf:langString Philip Gidley King

rdf:langString Tedbury

rdf:langString Woglomigh

rdf:langString Yaragowhy

rdf:langString Hawkesbury Settlement

rdf:langString the Australian frontier wars

rdf:langString "The Natives of the Hawkesbury... lived on the wild yams on the banks. Cultivation has rooted out these, and poverty compelled them to steal Indian corn... They [soldiers and settlers] came upon them [natives] unarmed, and unexpected, killed and wounded many more. The dead they hang on gibbets, in terrorem. The war may be universal on the part of the blacks, whose improvement and civilisation will be a long time deferred. The people killed were unfortunately the most friendly of the blacks, and one of them more than once saved the life of a white man."

rdf:langString British victory * Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans * Legal disputes until 1992 Mabo decision

rdf:langString –Rev Thomas Fyshe Palmer

rdf:langString About 10+ armed Irish convicts

rdf:langString Armed settlers: 2,000+

rdf:langString Burreberongal Tribe 100+

rdf:langString Combined total force: 3,600

rdf:langString Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000

rdf:langString New South Wales Corps : 550

rdf:langString The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) were a series of conflicts where British forces, including armed settlers and detachments of the British Army in Australia, fought against Indigenous clans inhabiting the Hawkesbury River region and the surrounding areas to the west of Sydney. The wars began in 1794, when the British started to construct farms along the river, some of which were established by soldiers. The local Darug people raided farms and murdered settlers until Governor Macquarie dispatched troops from the 46th Regiment of Foot in 1816. These troops patrolled the Hawkesbury Valley and ended the conflict by killing 14 Indigenous Australians in a raid on their campsite. Indigenous Australians led by Pemulwuy also conducted raids around Parramatta during the period between 1795 and 1802. These attacks led Governor Philip Gidley King to issue an order in 1801 which authorised settlers to shoot Indigenous Australians on sight in Parramatta, Georges River and Prospect areas. Many of the Aboriginal nations occasionally allied themselves to the British settlers in order to conquer more land for their tribes, and just as quickly returned to a state of war against the settlers. It was fought using mostly guerrilla-warfare tactics; however, several conventional battles also took place. The engagement resulted in the defeat of the Hawkesbury river and Nepean river Indigenous clans who were subsequently dispossessed of their lands. With the expansion of European settlement, large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with the introduction of new diseases such as smallpox, caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the settlers and resulted in violent confrontations, coordinated by men such as Pemulwuy.