Elementary school (England and Wales)

rdf:langString Elementary school (England and Wales)

rdf:langString Simon, Brian

rdf:langString The Two Nations and the Educational Structure, 1780–1870

rdf:langString The kind of education given to the children of the working classes is lamentably deficient... it extends to but a small proportion of those who ought to receive it.

rdf:langString Elementary schools were the first schools in England and Wales intended to give a basic education to the children of working class families. At the start of the 19th century, the only schooling available to these young people were run by private concerns or by charities and were often of a very poor standard. In the first decades of that century, a network of elementary schools were established by societies backed by the Christian churches. In an effort to expand the extent of this "voluntary" system, the government made grants available to these societies, initially for new school buildings but later towards their running costs. It became apparent that although this system worked reasonably well in rural communities, it was far less successful in the rapidly expanding industrial cities and that Britain was falling behind the rest of the developed world. In 1870, an act of parliament established elected school boards throughout England and Wales, which were able to create secular "board schools" funded by local taxation where there was no provision by the church societies. Further legislation made school attendance compulsory and eventually free of charge. The problem of how the education of older pupils should be managed was solved by abolishing school boards in 1902 and passing responsibility to local councils. Elementary schools were eventually replaced in 1944 by the system of primary and secondary education.