Diversity jurisdiction
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diversity_jurisdiction
복수 주간 관할(diversity of citizenship jurisdiction)은 미국 연방법원이 관할권을 가지기 위해 필요한 요구사항이다. 원고 나 피고가 서로 다른 주의 출신일 것을 요구한다. 따라서 원고 나 피고 중 같은 주 출신이 있을 경우 복수 주간 관할은 성립하지 않으며 따라서 연방법원은 관할권을 가지지 않는다. 또 다른 요구사항은 청구금액이 $75,000을 초과할 것을 요구한다는 점이다. 개인 관할, 영토 관할권, 주제의 관할권, 그리고 적절한 통지는 미국 연방헌법이 피고에게 보장하는 기본권이다.
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In the law of the United States, diversity jurisdiction is a form of subject-matter jurisdiction that gives U.S. federal courts the power to hear lawsuits that do not involve a federal question. For a U.S. federal court to have diversity jurisdiction over a lawsuit, two conditions must be met. First, there must be "diversity of citizenship" between the parties, meaning the plaintiffs must be citizens of different U.S. states than the defendants. Second, the lawsuit's "amount in controversy" must be more than $75,000. If a lawsuit does not meet these two conditions, U.S. federal courts will normally lack the power to hear it unless it involves a federal question, and the lawsuit would need to be heard in state court instead.
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Разнородная юрисдикция (англ. diversity jurisdiction) — подвид в гражданском процессуальном праве США, применяемый федеральными судами при рассмотрении споров между лицами проживающими на территории различных штатов и государств. Позволяет истцу, не проживающему на территории одного и того же штата с ответчиком, подать иск, не затрагивающий федеральноe законодательствo, на рассмотрение в федеральный суд. Когда в качестве одной из сторон по гражданскому делу выступает штат, правила разграничения территориальной юрисдикции на него не распространяются. Разнородная юрисдикции кодифицированa в § 1332 раздела 28 Кодекса Соединённых Штатов.
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Diversity jurisdiction
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복수 주간 관할
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Разнородная юрисдикция
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1636261
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1104906863
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The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between—
: citizens of different States;
: citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state, except that the district courts shall not have original jurisdiction under this subsection of an action between citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state who are lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States and are domiciled in the same State;
: citizens of different States and in which citizens or subjects of a foreign state are additional parties; and
: a foreign state, defined in section 1603 of this title, as plaintiff and citizens of a State or of different States.
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In the law of the United States, diversity jurisdiction is a form of subject-matter jurisdiction that gives U.S. federal courts the power to hear lawsuits that do not involve a federal question. For a U.S. federal court to have diversity jurisdiction over a lawsuit, two conditions must be met. First, there must be "diversity of citizenship" between the parties, meaning the plaintiffs must be citizens of different U.S. states than the defendants. Second, the lawsuit's "amount in controversy" must be more than $75,000. If a lawsuit does not meet these two conditions, U.S. federal courts will normally lack the power to hear it unless it involves a federal question, and the lawsuit would need to be heard in state court instead. The United States Constitution, in Article III, Section 2, grants Congress the power to permit federal courts to hear diversity cases through legislation authorizing such jurisdiction. The provision was included because the Framers of the Constitution were concerned that when a case is filed in one state, and it involves parties from that state and another state, the state court might be biased toward the party from that state. Congress first exercised that power and granted federal trial circuit courts diversity jurisdiction in the Judiciary Act of 1789. Diversity jurisdiction is currently codified at 28 U.S.C. § 1332. In 1969, the American Law Institute explained in a 587-page analysis of the subject that diversity is the "most controversial" type of federal jurisdiction, because it "lays bare fundamental issues regarding the nature and operation of our federal union."
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복수 주간 관할(diversity of citizenship jurisdiction)은 미국 연방법원이 관할권을 가지기 위해 필요한 요구사항이다. 원고 나 피고가 서로 다른 주의 출신일 것을 요구한다. 따라서 원고 나 피고 중 같은 주 출신이 있을 경우 복수 주간 관할은 성립하지 않으며 따라서 연방법원은 관할권을 가지지 않는다. 또 다른 요구사항은 청구금액이 $75,000을 초과할 것을 요구한다는 점이다. 개인 관할, 영토 관할권, 주제의 관할권, 그리고 적절한 통지는 미국 연방헌법이 피고에게 보장하는 기본권이다.
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Разнородная юрисдикция (англ. diversity jurisdiction) — подвид в гражданском процессуальном праве США, применяемый федеральными судами при рассмотрении споров между лицами проживающими на территории различных штатов и государств. Позволяет истцу, не проживающему на территории одного и того же штата с ответчиком, подать иск, не затрагивающий федеральноe законодательствo, на рассмотрение в федеральный суд. Когда в качестве одной из сторон по гражданскому делу выступает штат, правила разграничения территориальной юрисдикции на него не распространяются. Разнородная юрисдикции кодифицированa в § 1332 раздела 28 Кодекса Соединённых Штатов. (а) Окружные суды должны являться судами первой инстанции во всех гражданских делах, где предмет спора превышает сумму 75 000 долларов, за вычетом процентов и издержек, и между(1) гражданами различных штатов;(2) гражданами штата и гражданами или подданными иностранного государства;(3) гражданами различных штатов, и в которых граждане или подданные иностранного государства являются дополнительными сторонами, и(4) иностранным государством, определенным в § 1603 (а) этого раздела, в качестве истца и гражданами одного штата или разных штатов. Оригинальный текст (англ.)[показатьскрыть] (a) The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between—(1) citizens of different States;(2) citizens of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state;(3) citizens of different States and in which citizens or subjects of a foreign state are additional parties; and(4) a foreign state, defined in section 1603 (a) of this title, as plaintiff and citizens of a State or of different States.
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19799