1859 Atlantic hurricane season
http://dbpedia.org/resource/1859_Atlantic_hurricane_season an entity of type: WikicatArticlesWhichContainGraphicalTimelines
The 1859 Atlantic hurricane season featured seven hurricanes, the most recorded during an Atlantic hurricane season until 1870. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. Of the eight known 1859 cyclones, five were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagás and Henry Diaz, which was largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), with some adjustments. HURDAT is the official source for hurricane data
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1859年大西洋飓风季共形成七场飓风，数量之高创下大西洋飓风季的新纪录，直至才被打破。不过，考虑到当时缺乏包括气象卫星在内的现代观测手段，基本上只有那些在海上遇到船只或是吹袭有人类居住陆地的风暴才有文献记载，所以实际形成的热带气旋可能更多。气象学家（Christopher W. Landsea）估计，1851至1885年间实际形成的风暴数量可能比数据库中要多零到六场。全季确认存在的八个北大西洋热带气旋中有五个是由气象学家何塞·费尔南德斯-帕塔加斯和亨利·迪亚兹在1995年出版的文献中首度记载，美国国家海洋和大气管理局通过更新时采纳文献中的大部分纪录，但部分数据经过调整。大西洋飓风数据库是热带气旋路径和强度数据的正式来源，由于缺乏纪录，因此部分风暴的信息可能不够完整。 这年飓风季的活跃程度还经累积气旋能量指数反映出来，数值为56。大致来说，气旋能量指数通过飓风强度和持续时间计算，强度越高、持续时间越长的风暴，其指数也相应越高。只有在热带天气系统风速达到或超过每小时63公里（34节）或热带风暴强度时才会计算该指数，并纳入全面的气象公告，并且亚热带气旋的指数不会计入累积数值。
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1859 Atlantic hurricane season
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1859年大西洋飓风季
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Atlantic
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Atl
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1859-10-29
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The 1859 Atlantic hurricane season featured seven hurricanes, the most recorded during an Atlantic hurricane season until 1870. However, in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. Of the eight known 1859 cyclones, five were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagás and Henry Diaz, which was largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), with some adjustments. HURDAT is the official source for hurricane data such as track and intensity, although due to sparse records, listings on some storms are incomplete. The first tropical cyclone was a hurricane observed in the Tuxpan area of Veracruz, Mexico, on July 1. Hurricane conditions were observed along the coast and several vessels were lost. On September 2, another hurricane struck Saint Kitts and Saint Croix, damaging ships on the former. The fifth storm of the season, possibly the most devastating of the season, brought storm surge and hurricane-force winds to the Florida Panhandle and Mobile, Alabama, as well as flooding and wind damage to some areas of the Mid-Atlantic. In early October, the sixth cyclone brought damage to Inagua in the Bahamas. At least 25 boats sunk, with several people drowning after one vessel capsized. Two ships capsized in the Bahamas due to the seventh storm. A ship in the Gulf of Mexico capsized during the eighth and final cyclone, drowning an unknown number of people. The storm became extratropical offshore the Southeastern United States on October 29. The season's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 56. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is tropical storm strength.
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1859年大西洋飓风季共形成七场飓风，数量之高创下大西洋飓风季的新纪录，直至才被打破。不过，考虑到当时缺乏包括气象卫星在内的现代观测手段，基本上只有那些在海上遇到船只或是吹袭有人类居住陆地的风暴才有文献记载，所以实际形成的热带气旋可能更多。气象学家（Christopher W. Landsea）估计，1851至1885年间实际形成的风暴数量可能比数据库中要多零到六场。全季确认存在的八个北大西洋热带气旋中有五个是由气象学家何塞·费尔南德斯-帕塔加斯和亨利·迪亚兹在1995年出版的文献中首度记载，美国国家海洋和大气管理局通过更新时采纳文献中的大部分纪录，但部分数据经过调整。大西洋飓风数据库是热带气旋路径和强度数据的正式来源，由于缺乏纪录，因此部分风暴的信息可能不够完整。 7月1日，墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州地区观测到本季第一个热带气旋。沿海地区出现飓风强度风力，多艘船只失踪。9月2日，另一场飓风吹袭圣基茨岛和圣克罗伊岛，圣基茨岛有多艘船只受损。第五号飓风很可能是本季破坏最严重的风暴，在佛罗里达州和阿拉巴马州莫比尔产生风暴潮和飓风强度狂风，中大西洋地区也有部分地点发生洪灾并受到大风摧残。10月初，第六个热带气旋对巴哈马伊纳瓜造成破坏，至少有25艘船只沉没，其中一艘船倾覆后还有多人溺毙。第七号热带风暴致使巴哈马两艘船只倾覆，第八个热带气旋又令墨西哥湾一艘船只沉没，船上多人溺亡，但具体人数已不可考，风暴于10月29日在美国东南部近海转变成温带气旋。 这年飓风季的活跃程度还经累积气旋能量指数反映出来，数值为56。大致来说，气旋能量指数通过飓风强度和持续时间计算，强度越高、持续时间越长的风暴，其指数也相应越高。只有在热带天气系统风速达到或超过每小时63公里（34节）或热带风暴强度时才会计算该指数，并纳入全面的气象公告，并且亚热带气旋的指数不会计入累积数值。
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